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Foot anat.
Foot anatomy and positioning guidelines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The talus articulates with the _______ and _______ superiorly, the _______ inferiorly, and the _______ anteriorly. | tibia, fibula, calcaneus, navicular |
| The heel of the foot is formed by the _______. | calcaneus |
| The _______ is the largest bone in the foot. | calcaneus |
| The _______ is the second largest bone in the foot. | talus |
| The calcaneus articulates with the _______ superiorly, the _______ distally, and the _______ medially. | talus, cuboid, navicular |
| The cubed shaped bone at the lateral side of the foot is called the _______. | cuboid |
| The boat shaped bone at the medial side of the foot is called the _______. | navicular |
| The three medial tarsal bones between navicular, metatarsals and cuboid are _______. | cuneiforms |
| Inversion (varus) of the foot is when | the bottom of the foot is faced medially |
| Eversion (valgus) of the foot is when | the bottom of the foot is faced laterally |
| what type of joints are IP joints | hinge (flexion and extension) |
| what type of joints are TMT,intertarsal | plane or gliding (limited movement) |
| what type of joints are MTP | ellipsoidal or condyloid, (4 movements) |
| What anatomy is best demonstrated on a medial oblique foot? | cuboid, metatarsals 3-5, sinus tarsi and lateral cuneiform |
| What anatomy is best demonstrated on a lateral oblique foot? | base of 1st metatarsal and medial tarsals |
| Why is it better to do a lateromedial lateral foot projection? | the foot naturally falls into a true lateral position |
| What is the calcaneal sulcus? | A deep depression between mid and post articular surfaces |
| Name of the space below the subtalar and talocalcaneal joints | Sinus Tarsi |
| Which Tarsal articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsals? | Cuboid |
| What tarsals make up the transverse arch? | 3 cuneiforms and cuboid |
| What is an Aviator's Fx? | Fx in talar neck after impact pushes foot upwards |
| What is a Jones Fx? | Avulsion Fx at base of 5th metatarsal |
| What is a Pott's Fx? | Avulsion Fx at medial malleolus (near tuberosity) |
| What view best shows a Jones' Fx? | Foot Medial Oblique |
| What is a Lisfranc Injury? | Fx and dislocation of midfoot with lateral displacement of metatarsals. |
| Why is AP Axial Toe recommended over AP Toe? | For open joint spaces and reduce foreshortening |
| What joints are open for the AP Oblique Toes? | MTP 2-5 and IP |
| What position best shows the 4th and 5th digits? | AP lateral oblique |
| Which lateral is used for digits 1-3 and which is used for 4-5? | 1-3 is lateromedial and 4-5 is mediolateral |
| How is the CR angled for an AP Axial foot? | 10 degrees proximal |
| What superimposition is different between the AP and AP Oblique Foot? | In oblique, base of 3-5th metatarsals are NOT superimposed |
| What is demonstrated on a Lateral Foot projection? | talus, calcaneus, talocalcaneal and talotibial joints without superimposition |
| How can you tell which way a foot is obliqued in a film? | There is more soft tissue and midshaft concavity on the side AWAY from the IR |
| Where are the sesamoid bones found in the foot? | Plantar surface of first MTP joint within tendons |
| What is the difference between AP and AP Axial Toe positions? | CR for AP is perp to IR, CR for Axial is 10-15 degrees posterior or perp if foot is on 15 degree wedge |
| What is the preferred projection to view the sesamoids? | Lewis |
| How is the pt positioned for the Lewis projection? | Prone and foot is dorsiflexed so plantar surface is at a 15-20 degree angle from vertical |
| Where is the CR for a Lewis projection? | At first MTP joint |
| What is the view of the sesamoids that is easier for pt but not preferred? and why? | Holly because there is increased OID |
| Why is an AP Weight Bearing Foot performed? | To evaluate the tarsals, metatarsals , arches and hallux vagus |
| What projection is best to view a Lisfranc Fx? | AP Weight Bearing |
| What is the accepted angle and ideal angle for an AP Weight Bearing foot? | Accepted: 15, Ideal: 10 |
| What is evaluated with the Lateral Weight-Bearing Foot? | Longitudinal arches |
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