Physical Geology Midterm Terms
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| Describe textures of igneous rocks: | show 🗑
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| show | light-colored granite, an intrusive, coarse-grained, nonvolcanic rock
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| A rock has a medium gray, fine-grained groundmass with large crystals of plagioclase, would you expect to see glassy texture? | show 🗑
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| show | Small and large crystals in one rock, usually formed from two stage cooling of a melt
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| Describe granite | show 🗑
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| show | obsidian
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| show | Pumice
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| show | medium to dark gray in color, it's rich in heavy component atoms like iron, and although it is vesicular, it doesn't have enough vesicles (air spaces) to be less dense than water.
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| show | hotspots, continental rifts, volcanic arcs bordering ocean trenches, mid-ocean ridges
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| Describe volcanic arcs | show 🗑
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| show | be broken off by intruding magma, melt entirely and thus change the chemical composition of the intruding magma, not melt but instead remain as recognizable blocks called xenoliths.
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| Volatiles that come out of the Earth as volcanic products may... | show 🗑
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| show | cool slowly and are coarse grained
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| Bowen's reaction series shows the | show 🗑
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| show | sequence in which different SiO4 minerals form during the progressive cooling of a mafic melt
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| Sedimentary rocks can form | show 🗑
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| What is the correct listing from smallest to largest of clasts | show 🗑
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Heat, moisture, and increased surface area are the three factors that speed the rate of chemical weathering
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| Methods of physical weathering of rock include | show 🗑
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| spalling | show 🗑
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| detritus | show 🗑
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| show | is rotten rock produced in warm, wet regions
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| hydration | show 🗑
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| show | nonmarine clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments surrounded by matrix
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| show | is crystalline calcium carbonate that has precipitated out of groundwater.
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| If you find graywacke in the place where it formed, you know you are looking at an ancient: | show 🗑
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| show | informal term used for sedimentary rock consisting of sandsize p to small pebble size grains of quartz and rock fragments all mixed together in a muddy matrix, typically occurs at the base of a graded bed
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| shale | show 🗑
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| Both chert and limestone may have either chemical or biochemical origin, true or false | show 🗑
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| Are gypsum and halite carbonate or evaporite minerals? | show 🗑
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| Are chemical sedimentary rocks crystalline or folioted in texture? | show 🗑
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| show | shale, slate, phylite, schist,gneiss
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| What is a protolith | show 🗑
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| metasomatism | show 🗑
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| shield | show 🗑
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| Shock metamorphism | show 🗑
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| show | hornfels
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| show | involves the reconstitution of a rock via revolatisation under decreasing temperatures and usually pressures
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| prograde metamorphism | show 🗑
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| blueschist metamorphic rock | show 🗑
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| pluton | show 🗑
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| show | glaucophane, a blue mineral
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| show | batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths
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| What are some minerals that are only found in metamorphic rocks? | show 🗑
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| show | planar arrangement of minerals due to metamorphism
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| show | 256 mm
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| What is the size of a cobble? | show 🗑
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| show | between 2mm and 64mm
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| show | 1/16mm and and 2 mm
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| show | 1/256mm and 1/16mm
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| show | Less than 1/256 mm
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| neocrystallization | show 🗑
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| What is chemical weathering? | show 🗑
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| What are some types of chemical weathering? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| True or false, changes in pressure, volatile content and temperature trigger melting in the lower mantle and outer core. | show 🗑
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| show | Silicon, oxygen, iron, magnesium, calcium
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| show | The composition of magma depends on its source.
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| show | resistance to flow
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| What does viscosity depend on? | show 🗑
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| dike | show 🗑
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| show | stopped block that does not melt entirely but becomes surrounded by new igneous rock
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| True or false, all magmas erupt | show 🗑
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| true or false, magma freezes (cools from liquid to solid)when exposed to cooler environments | show 🗑
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| show | source rock composition, partial melting, assimilation, magma mixing, fractional crystallization
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| show | Depth of intrusion, shape and size of magma body, presence of circulating groundwater
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| show | Crystalline (aphanitic and phaneritic), glassy, and fragmental (pyroclastic)
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| True or false, basalt and gabbro have different compositions, they just form in the same places | show 🗑
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| show | False, magma is usually more felsic than the rock from which it is extracted
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| What are some mechanisms/factors in chemical weathering? | show 🗑
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| Does weathering occur closer to the surface or deeper in the surface? | show 🗑
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| show | Composition and grain size
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| True or false, limestone consists of calcite shells or shell fragments | show 🗑
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| Some sedimentary rocks consist of plant debris that were baked by heat | show 🗑
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| show | a single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom
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| strata | show 🗑
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| show | the boundary between two sedimentary beds
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| show | True
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| show | sequence of strata distinctive enough to be traced across a fairly large region
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| ripples | show 🗑
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| show | larger versions of ridges, usually moved by ocean waves or wind
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| turbidity currents | show 🗑
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| turbidite | show 🗑
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| True or false, sedimentation occurs in discrete episodes | show 🗑
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| show | glacial, mountain-stream, alluvial-fan,sand dunes, lake, river
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| show | delta, coastal beach, shallow-marine clastic, shallow-water carbonate, deep marine
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| Can we determine depositional environments by examining rock types and sedimentary structures? | show 🗑
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| diagenesis | show 🗑
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| show | the process by which loose sediments turn into rock
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| show | Clays and ions in solution
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| transgressions | show 🗑
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| regressions | show 🗑
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| show | scoria, pumice
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