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Chapter 24 Diagnostic Tests and Specimen Collection

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Pre-op nursing interventions for a Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)   Baseline vitals signs; asssist patient to a side-lying flexed position; set-up sterile tray & supplies; tell patient not to cough and to breathe slowly and deeply; hold patient's arms and legs in flexed position; warn patient about discomfort.  
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Post-op nursing interventions for Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)   Label tubes; check that pressure dressing it intact over puncture site; instruct patient to maintain a dorsal recumbent position 4-12hrs; document procedure/patient's response.  
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Pre-op nursing intervention for Bone Marrow Aspiration   Baseline vital signs; premedicated as ordered; set-up sterile tray; the position depends on aspiration site; monitor status of patient during procedure.  
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Post-op interventions for Bone Marrow Aspiration   Note charactistics of aspirate and document the procedure and patient's response.  
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Pre-op nursing interventions for Thoracentesis   Baseline vital signs; set up sterile tray; assist client to lean over table; support client's body in this position; if patient is unable to sit, assist in a side-lying position. and assess respiratory during  
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Post-op nursing interventions for Thoracentesis   Assist patient to a comfortable position in bed after procedure; label specimens; document the procedure and patient's response.  
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Pre-op nursing intervention for Paracentesis   Baseline vital signs; position pation upright on the side of the bed or sitting backward on a straight chair with feet supported; set-up sterile tray; sit in front of patient and warn when puncture is to be made; assess respiration and vitals every 15 min  
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Post-op nursing intervention for Paracentesis   Make sure the pressure dressing is intact; assist patient in comfortable position in bed; label specimens; document the procedure & patient's response. Monitor vitals per agency protocol.  
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Pre-op nursing interventions for Liver biopsy (aspiration)   Assist patient to a supine position at the far right side of bed with right arm over the head and head turned to left; have patient practice taking a deep breath, blowing it out, and holding breath, then breathing normally; warn client about pucture.  
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Post-op nursing interventions for Liver biopsy (aspiration)   Assist to move to the center of the bed and turn onto the right side; instruct client to maintain position for 2 hr; label speciment and send to lab; keep client on bed rest for 6hr; asses vital q15min x4; q30min x4; q1h x4; q4h.  
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Thoracentesis is   insertion of needle through the chest wall to the pleural space to drain fluid or air to instill medication.  
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Paracentesis is   a needle puncture of the abdoment to remove ascites fluid, perform a lavage, or initiate peritoneal dialysis.  
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