Vocab- important ideas
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| Aristotle | naturalist/philosopher,soul and body are not separate, knowledge grows from experience.
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| Wundt | “atoms of the mind”, Leipzig, Germany, in 1879 birth of psychology
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| William James | American philosopher, 1890 psychology textbook
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| Wundt | “atoms of the mind”, Leipzig, Germany, in 1879 birth of psychology
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| William James | American philosopher, 1890 psychology textbook
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| Mary Calkins | , James’s student, became the APA’s first female president
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| Sigmund Freud | Austrian physician
unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior
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| Skinner and Watson | the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology.
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| Maslow and Rogers | environmental influences
need for love and acceptance
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| psychology today | the scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (inner thoughts and feelings
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| The American Psychological Association | largest organization of psychology
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| Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis | biological influences, Social-cultural influences, psychological influences
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| Biological | Explore the links between brain and mind.
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| Developmental | Study changing abilities from womb to tomb.
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| Cognitive | Study how we perceive, think, and solve problems.
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| Personality | Investigate our persistent traits.
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| Social | Explore how we view and affect one another.
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| Clinical | Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
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| Counseling | Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges.
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| Educational | Studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings
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| Industrial/Organizational | Studies and advises on behavior in the workplace.
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| clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) | studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy.
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| Psychiatrists(M.D.) | medical professionals who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients.
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| Hindsight Bias | “I-knew-it-all-along”
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| The scientific attitude is composed of | curiosity,skepticism,humility
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| Critical thinking | examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions
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| scientific method | Theory, Hypothesis, Observation
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| theory | is an explanation that integrates principles and organizes and predicts behavior or events.
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| hypothesis | a testable prediction, often prompted by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject or revise the theory
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| Research | require us to administer tests of self-esteem and depression. Individuals who score low on a self-esteem test and high on a depression test would confirm our hypothesis.
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| Case Study | A technique in which one person is studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles
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| Survey | A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative, random sample of people
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| Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording the behavior of animals in the wild and recording self-seating patterns in a multiracial school lunch room constitute naturalistic observation
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| Correlation | When one trait or behavior accompanies another, we say the two correlate.
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| Illusory Correlation | The perception of a relationship where no relationship actually exists. Parents conceive children after adoption
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| Double-blind Procedure | placebo affect tests
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| Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental (breast-fed) and control (formula-fed) conditions by random assignment minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups
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| independent variable | a factor manipulated by the experimenter. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study.
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| dependent variable | a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. In psychology, it is usually a behavior or a mental process.
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| SQ3R | Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, and Review
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