Unit 6 AP Psych
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| Learning | show 🗑
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| Habituation | show 🗑
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| show | Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
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| Classical Conditioning | show 🗑
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| Behaviorism | show 🗑
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| Unconditioned Response (UR) | show 🗑
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| show | In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally -- naturally and automatically -- triggers a response.
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| show | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
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| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | show 🗑
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| Acquisition | show 🗑
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| Higher-order Conditioning (Also called "second-order conditioning.") | show 🗑
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| Extinction | show 🗑
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| show | The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.
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| show | The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
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| show | In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
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| Learned Helplessness | show 🗑
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| show | Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.
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| show | A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
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| Law of Effect | show 🗑
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| show | In operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a "Skinner box") containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking.
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| show | An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
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| Discriminative Stimulus | show 🗑
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| Reinforcer | show 🗑
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| show | Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
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| Negative Reinforcement | show 🗑
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| Primary Reinforcer | show 🗑
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| show | A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer.
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| show | Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.
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| show | Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acqusition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
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| Fixed-ratio Schedule | show 🗑
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| Variable-ratio Schedule | show 🗑
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| show | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
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| Variable-interval Schedule | show 🗑
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| Punishment | show 🗑
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| show | A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
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| show | Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
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| Insight | show 🗑
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| show | A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.
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| show | A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
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| show | Learning by observing others. Also called social learning.
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| Modeling | show 🗑
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| Mirror Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
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