Bones
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| 5 functions of the skeletal system | 1. support 2. protection 3. movement 4. storage 5. hemopoiesis
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| red bone marrow | red bone marrow produces red and white bloodcells in the bloodstream
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| 5 types of bones | 1. long bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones
5 sesamoid bones
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| Logn bones. def and ex | longer than it is wide. femur
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| short bones. def and ex | thin and curved. carpal
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| irregular bones | if doesnt fit in other categories. vertebra
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| sesamoid bones | small round bones that develop inside tendons. patella
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| 3 major components of Long Bones | Diaphysis-shaft of the bone(compact) epiphysis- tip of the bone epiphyseal
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| Epiphyseal Plate. where? in who? turns into? bone formation? | between the epiphysis and diaphysis. it is hyaline cartilage in young people. the growth of the bone's length come storm the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)once fully grown, the cartilage turns into bone- called the Epiphyseal Line. Ossification
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| 2 types of bones | compact bone- dense bone matrix enclosing only a few small spaces. spongy bone- cancellous bone
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| cancellous bone? | Bones with small spaces or cavities surrounding the bone matrix.
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| red bone marrow found where? | in cancellous bone
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| Articular Cartilage. def? found?(5)? child vs adult? | Articular Cartilage is hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of a bone in a a joint.
Hyaline cartilage is also found in the trachea, bronchi, larynx, nose and end of ribs.
The articular cartilage on the bones of adults is thicker than in children.
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| medullary cavity. child vs adult? | (the center cavity that runs down the diaphysis) in children contains red bone marrow, but is later replaced by yellow bone marrow
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| Peiosteum. 2 layers? | The Periosteum cover the entire outside of the bone. it is composed of 2 layers.
Inner layer = single layer of bone cells
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| flat bones | Inner layer of cancellous bone surround by compact bone
Dense matrix
The cancellous bone in flat bones contain red bone marrow
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| how many bones in the avg human? | 206
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| 2 sections of skeletal system? | axial and appendicular
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| Axial system | Supports and protects the head neck and trunk
Bones: vertebrae column, ribs, neck and skull
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| Appendicular system? | attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.
Bones: upper limbs and lower limbs (Wrist, hands, ankles, and feet also make it up)
These make up over half the bones in our body.
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| wrists. # of bones. name? | 8. carpals
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| hand. # and type | 5 metacarpals and 5 digits
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| what are the digits consisted of? | 3 phalanges, except for the thumb
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| Phalanx | singular of phalanges
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| proximal and distal | P=nearest D=distant
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| what is the ankle made up of? | tarsals
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| foot. # and kind? | 5 metacarpals and 5 digits
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| digit exception? | thumb and big toe
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| thumbs and big toe? | proximal and distal only. no phalanges
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| Girdles. def? 2 types? | attach each the limbs to the axial skeleton. pelviic and pectoral
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| PECTORAL GIRDLE. DEF? 2 BONES? | attaches lower limbs to axial skel. clavicle(collar bone) and scapula(shoulder)
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| what attaches the arm to the pectoral girdle? | humerus
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| THUMB SIDE BONE? PINKY SIDE? | t= radius, p= ulna(slightly longer)
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| pelvic girdle. def. made up of? | attaches lower limbs to axial skel. 2 coxae and the sacrum
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| each coaxae is made up of 3 fused bones.... what? | 1. The ilium
2. The pubis (the 2 coxae join together ate the symphysis pubis)
3. Ischium
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| skull how many bones? | 28
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| easily sperated from the rest of the skull? | manible
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| Function of the skull? | protects brain, supports eyes, ears, and nose
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| posterior? 3 bones that can be seen? | viewing something from behind. 1. parietal 2. occipital 3. temporal 4. maxilla
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| Sutures | lines between bones; a junction between flat bones and the skull
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| process | projection of a bone (the mastoid process at the bottom of the temporal bone)
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| superior; inferior | s= above another structure. i= below another structure
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| lateral view. bones seen? | A lateral view mean to look away from the middle of a structure on the body.
The parietal, occipital, and temporal bones are also seen here.
Also, the frontal, sphenoid, nasal, and other lacrimal bones are seen.
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| cheek bone? | zygomatic bone
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| zygomatic arch | Zygomatic Arch= a process from the zygomatic bone joined with a process from the temporal bone.
Forms a bridge across the side of the skull
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| maxilla | contains upper teeth
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| ethmoid bone | looked between eyes
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| meatus | passageway within a bone
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| foramen | hole within a bone
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| what o the vomer bone + wthmoid bone form? | the bony part of the nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity in 2
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| sinus | hollowed out space in a bone
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| paranasal sinuses | sinuses associated with the bones of the nasal cavity
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| orbit | eye sockets
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| 5 sections of the vertebral column | 1. 7 cervical
2. 12 thoracic
3. 5 lumbar
4. the sacrum
5. the coccyx
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| Cervical Vertebra | supports the head and neck
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| lumbar vertebra | supports upper body, torso and lower back
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| thoratic cage | rib cage. protects hear and lungs
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| thoracic cavity | cavity enclosed by the thoracic cage
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| how many true ribs? def? | 7. attach to the sternum with costal cartilage in between
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| false ribs. def? how many? | 5 pairs. don't directly connect to sternum
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| floating ribs | last 2 pairs. don't attach to sternum at all
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