Sociology - Exam 1 - Part 1 - Perspective, Theory, and Method
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| systematic study of human society | Sociology
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| Founder of sociology | Auguste Comte
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| Coined term “sociology” | Auguste Comte
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| scientific approach to knowledge based on facts as opposed to speculation. | Positivism
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| statement of how & why specific facts are related | Theory
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| close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations | Micro
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| broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole | Macro
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| Structural-Functional people | Comte, Durkheim & Robert Merton
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| Structural-Functional macro or micro | macro
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| Society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability | Structural-Functional
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| function solidarity cohesion stable/stability unity | Structural-Functional key words
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| consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole | Social functions
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| Concept of Social functions developed by | Robert Merton
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| Manifest function | intended
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| Latent function | unintended
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| Social dysfunction | disrupts the operation of society
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| Social Conflict macro or micro | macro
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| Social Conflict concept developed by | Karl Marx
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| Society is an arena of inequality that generates conflict & change | Social Conflict
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| conflict, inequality, power, class struggle, change | Social Conflict key words
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| Social Conflict person other than Marx | W.E.B. DuBois
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| Symbolic interaction macro or micro | micro
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| Symbolic interaction people | Max Weber, Charles Horton Cooley, & George Herbert Mead
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| Society is the product of everyday interactions of individuals | Symbolic interaction
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| everyday interactions, individuals, small groups, symbols | Symbolic interaction key words
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| Symbols and meanings are | social constructs
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| Three Ways to Do Sociology | Positivist, Interpretive, Critical
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| based on systematic observation of social behavior | Positivist
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| information we can verify | Empirical evidence
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| mental construct that represents some part of the world | concept
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| concept whose value changes from case to case | variable
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| determining the value of a variable in a specific case. | Measurement
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| consistency in measurement | Reliability
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| actually measuring what you intend | Validity
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| relationship in which 2 or more variables change together | Correlation
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| Cause and effect variables | Independent variable – cause
Dependent variable - effect
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| focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world. | Interpretive
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| focuses on the need for social change. | Critical
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| investigates cause and effect under highly controlled conditions | Experiment
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| systematic plan for doing research. | Research Methods
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| systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities. | Participant observation
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| 4 Research Methods: | Experiment, Participant observation, Using available data, Survey
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| subjects respond to a series of statements or questions | Survey
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| Sociology Ethics | Do no harm, Fair-minded, Disclose all findings
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| Sociological perspective | Taking a broader view
Seeing general patterns in the behavior of particular people.
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| Studied unemployment | C. Wright Mills
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| Emile Durkheim's goal | sociology recognized as academic discipline.
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| studied Suicide | Emile Durkheim
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| sociological keys to suicidal tendancies | Autonomy, Social integration
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