micro 2011
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| Define opportunists. | Orgs that normally do not cause disease unless the conditions become favorable.
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| Term used to describe a preliminary report sent to a physician before all testing has been completed. | Presumptive report
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| What is catalase? | An enzyme produced by ALL Staphylococcus spp.
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| Where can Staph epidermidis be found as a natual inhabitant of the body? | S. epidermidis is a natural inhabitant of the skin and mucous membranes
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| Term given to Staphylococcus organisms that do not have the capability to produce the coagulase enzyme. | Coagulase Negative Staph (CNS)
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| Which CNS is the most frequently grown in the microbiology department? | Staph epidermidis
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| What do colonies of Staph saprophyticus look like on a BAP plate? | S. saprophyticus cannot be distinguished from other CNS on a BAP plate
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| Define pathogen. | Organism capable of causing disease.
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| What gram stain morphology does Staph aureus have? | gram positive cocci in clusters
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| What three factors do Staph aureus organisms possess that contribute to their virulence? | 1. structural components of the cell wall, 2. enzymes, and 3. toxins
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| True or False: Staph saprophyticus is not a CNS. | False--Staph saprophyticus IS a CNS.
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| What simple laboratory test can distinguish Staph aureus from the CNS? | The coaulase test.
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| What is novobiocin? | An antibiotic
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| Which of the following organisms would most likely present with the following characteristics: gpc, catalase (+), coagulase (-), novobiocin resistant? Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, or Staph saprophyticus | Staph saprophyticus WHY: S. sapro is the only Staph spp resistant to novobiocin
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| Staph species which is resistant to the antibiotic novobiocin. | Staph saprophyticus
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| What is trhe gram stain reaction and morphology of the Micrococcus spp? | gpc in pairs, tetrads, clusters and/or chains
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| What gram stain morphology do Micrococcus species have? | gram positive cocci in tetrads
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| Staph saprophyticus can be found to inhabit what part of the human body? | the GU (genitourinary) tract of humans
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| What Staph species is considered the second most common cause of UTIs (urinary tract infections) in women? | Staph saprophyticus
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| What is beta hemolysis when seen on a BAP plate? | Complete hemolysis of the RBCs in the BAP media.
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| A wound culture grows out a gpc with the following characteristics: Beta-hemolytic colonies on a BAP that are both catalase (+) and coagulase (+). What is the MOST likely organism? | Staph aureus
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| Staph epidermidis is associated with all of the following except: wound infections, bacteremias, nosocomial urinary tract infections, or toxic shock syndrome | toxic shock syndrome--S. aureus is associated with this type of infection
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| Define saprophytic. | Saprophytic means surviving on decaying matter
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| All of the following may be used to identify Staph epidermidis except: catalase reaction, coagulase reaction, gram stain morphology, B-lactamase reaction | B-lactamase reaction. WHY: S. epi cannot produce the enzyme B-lactamase.
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| What enzyme produced by certain strains of Staph aureus can cleave (breakdown) the structure of penicillin and render it useless as an effective antiobiotic? | The beta-lactamase enyzyme
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| Describe what Staph epidermidis organisms look like on a BAP plate. | Colonies are small/medium, non-hemolytic, smooth/round, and white
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| What is coagulase? | An enzyme that can clot or coagulate plasma.
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| True or False: Staph saprophyticus is a CNS. | True
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| In what areas of the body do Staph organisms normally inhabit? | Normally Staph spp. inhabit the skin and mucous membranes
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| Where can Micrococci spp. be found as inhabitants? | Skin and environment
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| Describe what colonies of Staph aureus look like on a BAP plate. | medium/large, smooth, round, white to creamy colored colonies. beta hemolytic
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| Name three infections caused by toxins produced by Staph aurues organisms. | 1. Toxic Shock Syndrome, 2. Scalded Skin Syndrome, and 3. Food poisoning
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| Staphylococcal food poisoning is characterized by: A.rapid onset--within 2-6 hours of ingestion of enterotoxin, B.colonization of the GI tract by the bacterium,C. a 2day-2 week incubation period,D. diarrhea, but no vomiting | C. a 2 day - 2 week incubtion period
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| Define pyogenic. | pus producing
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| What do colonies of Micrococci spp. look like on a BAP plate? | Often pigmented, ranging in color from beige to bright yellow or orange.
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| Term used to describe a final report sent to a physician when all necessary testing has been completed. | Definitive report
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| A positive blood culture shows gram positive cocci in tetrads. The following day, yellow pigmented colonies are observed on a BAP plate. The colonies test catalase (+). What is the MOST likely organism? | Micrococcus spp.
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