abnormal psych chapter 1 vocab
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| a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected | psychological disorder
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| an irrational fear | phobia
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| behavior that is unexpected in its cultural context and associated with distress, impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment | abnormal behavior
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| scientific study of psychological disorders | psychopathology
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| mental health professionals who take a scientific approach to their clinical work | scientist-practitioner
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| indicates why the person has come to clinic/sought treatment, specific problem or set of problems | presenting problem
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| represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a disorder | clinical description
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| the number of people in the population that have the disorder | prevalence
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| number of new cases of a disorder in a given period | incidence
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| disease pattern (ex chronic, episodic, time-limited) | course
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| anticipated course of the disorder | prognosis
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| the study of origins, why the disorder begins, includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions | etiology
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| casting away of evil or supernatural spirits through religious ritual | exorcism
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| focuses on psychological, social, and cultural factors | psychosocial treatment
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| treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction | moral therapy
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| movement to improve standards of care and make sure that everyone who needed care received it | mental hygiene movement
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| elaborate theory of the structure of the mind and the role of the unconscious processes in determining behavior | psychoanalysis
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| explanation of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology | behaviorism
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| part of psychic makeup that is outside of the awareness of the person | unconscious
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| rapid/sudden release of emotional tension though to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy | catharsis
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| comprehensive theory constructed on the development and structure of our personalities - idea that development goes wrong = psychological disorder | psychoanalytic model
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| unconscious physical entity present at birth representing basic drives | id
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| responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy the id's drives | ego
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| represents the internalized moral standards of parents and societ | superego
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| conflicts between id, ego, and superego | intrapsychic conflicts
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| unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue functioning | defense mechanisms
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| stages in infancy and early childhood that have a profound and lasting impact | psychosexual stages of development
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| the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally by their fathers because of their lust for their mothers | castration anxiety
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| disorders that result from underlying unconscious conflicts | neurosis
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| concentrates on the way in which the defensive reactions of the ego determine our behavior | ego psychology
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| formation of self-concept and the crucial attributes of the self that allow an individual to progress toward health, or to develop neurosis | self psychology
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| study of how children incorporate the images, memories, and values of a person who was important to them and to whom they are emotionally attached | object relations
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| wisdom accumulated by society and culture that is stored deep in individual memories and passed down from generation to generation | collective unconscious
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| patients are instructed to say whatever comes to mind without socially required censoring | free association
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| therapist interprets the context of dreams and relates the dreams to symbolic aspects of unconscious conflicts | dream analysis
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| therapist | psychoanalyst
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| when patients come to relate to the therapist much as they do to important figures in their childhood (such as parents) | transference
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| focus of affect and expression of patient's emotions, exploration of patient's attempts to avoid topics or engage in activities that hinder therapy, identification of patterns, focus on interpersonal experiences, focus on therapeutic relationship | psychodynamic psychotherapy
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| the idea that all of us can reach our highest potential if we had the freedom to grow | self-actualizing
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| individual develops the course of therapy | person-centered therapy
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| complete and unqualified acceptance of client's feelings and actions | unconditional positive regard
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| brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to psychopathology; based on the idea that behaviors shape our thinking | behavioral model
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| type of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response | classical conditioning
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| when the presentation of the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response | extinction
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| subjects report on their thoughts and feelings after experiencing certain stimuli | introspection
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| when individuals are gradually introduced to the objects or situations they feared so that their fear can extinguish | systematic desensitization
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| therapy methods based on the principles of behavioral and cognitive science, which considers specific behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as targets for change | behavior therapy
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| another word for reward, connotes the effect on the behavior | reinforcement
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| process of reinforcing successive approximations to a final behavior or set of behaviors | shaping
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