Science Unit 2
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| a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in specific porportions | compound
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| macromolecule made moslty from carbon and hydrogen | lipids
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| giant polymers that consists of thousands of linked monosaccharides | polysaccharide
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| atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain | isotype
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| mixture of water with nondissolved material | suspension
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| negative charge/small mass | electron
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| sugars made of 2 covalently bonded monosaccharides(sugar) | disaccharide
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| simplest carbohydrate | monosaccharide
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| has more than one double bond between carbons | polysaturated fats
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| breaking of bonds of a polymer by inserting water molecules | hydrolysis
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| compound consisting of a chain of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end | fatty acids
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| material of 2 or more comounds/elements that are physically mixed together but arent chemicaly combined | mixture
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| type of minture in which all the compunds are evenly distributed | solution
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| form in which matter exists | physical state
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| forming bonds between molecules by removing water molecules | dehydration syntesis
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| negatively charged ion | anion
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| the amount of space occupied by matter | volume
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| the number of protons + the number of neutrons | mass number
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| molecules formed by linking two or more monomers | polymer
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| process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together | ploymerization
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| lipids that contain phosphorous | phosopholipids
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| a compund that produces hydroxide ions OH in a solution; more than 7 on pH scale | base
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| is the smallest unit of most compounds that displays all of the properties of that compound | molecule
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| a compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution; less than a 7 on pH scale | acid
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| measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution | Ph scale
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| positively charged ion | cation
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| compounds composed of a carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (2:1:1 ratio) | carbohydrate
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| contains one dounle bond between carbons | unsaturated fats
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| type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared instead of being transmitted | covalent bond
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| compunds composed od glycerol and fatty liquids | fats
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| a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in Ph | buffer
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| the amount of matter in an object | mass
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| the ration of matter's mass to its volume | density
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| contain only single bonds wit between carbons | saturated acids
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| positive charged/large mass | proton
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| anything that occupies space and has mass | matter
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| no charge/ same mass as a proton | neutron
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| center of an atom | nucleus
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| must contain carbon and come from living things | organic compound
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| small chemical units make up a polymer | monomer
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| being dissolved | solute
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| pure substance that contains entirely of one type of atom | element
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| does the dissolving | solvent
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| the weighted averages of the masses of an element's isotopes (decimal number at the bottom) | atomic mass
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| chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | ionic bond
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| macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous | nucleic acids
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| consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group | nucleotide
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| macromolecules containing nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur | proteins
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| compound that contains an amino group (NH2) on end, a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other, and a side group | amino acid
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| covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid | peptide bond
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| changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | chemical reaction
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| elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction | reactants
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| elements or compounds that are produced from a chemical reaction | products
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| chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed (will be cold, ex. Cold Pack) | endothermic reaction
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| chemical reaction in which energy is released (usually heat, ex. Hand Warmer) | exothermic reaction
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| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; unchanged by the reaction | catalyst
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| protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions; speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells;Very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction | enzymes
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| reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | substrate
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| amount of heat energy required to increase temperature | heat capacity
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| weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom | hydrogen bond
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| attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion
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| the force of attraction between different kinds of molecules | adhesion
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| number of protons in an element (number at the top) | atomic number
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| CHONPS | most common elements in living things;Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur
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| acid thats close to 7 | weak
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| acid thats close to 1 | strong
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| base thats close to 7 | strong
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| base thats close to 1 | weak
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| if a atom loses electrons it becomes ____ charged | positively
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| ig a atom gains electrons it becomes ____ charged | negatively
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| a pH of 0-7 is | acidic
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| a pH of 7 is | neutral
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| a pH of 7-14 is | basic
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| the four major macromolecules found in living things are | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
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| Proteins have many functions: | oControl the rate of reactions
oRegulate cell processes
oForm important cellular structures
oTransport substances into or out of cells
oHelp fight disease
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| if a work ends in -ose it is a | sugar
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| if a work ends in -ase it is a | enzyme
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
natalie.haigler.15