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Science Unit 2
| Deffinition | Word |
|---|---|
| a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in specific porportions | compound |
| macromolecule made moslty from carbon and hydrogen | lipids |
| giant polymers that consists of thousands of linked monosaccharides | polysaccharide |
| atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain | isotype |
| mixture of water with nondissolved material | suspension |
| negative charge/small mass | electron |
| sugars made of 2 covalently bonded monosaccharides(sugar) | disaccharide |
| simplest carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| has more than one double bond between carbons | polysaturated fats |
| breaking of bonds of a polymer by inserting water molecules | hydrolysis |
| compound consisting of a chain of carbon atoms with an acid group at one end | fatty acids |
| material of 2 or more comounds/elements that are physically mixed together but arent chemicaly combined | mixture |
| type of minture in which all the compunds are evenly distributed | solution |
| form in which matter exists | physical state |
| forming bonds between molecules by removing water molecules | dehydration syntesis |
| negatively charged ion | anion |
| the amount of space occupied by matter | volume |
| the number of protons + the number of neutrons | mass number |
| molecules formed by linking two or more monomers | polymer |
| process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together | ploymerization |
| lipids that contain phosphorous | phosopholipids |
| a compund that produces hydroxide ions OH in a solution; more than 7 on pH scale | base |
| is the smallest unit of most compounds that displays all of the properties of that compound | molecule |
| a compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution; less than a 7 on pH scale | acid |
| measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution | Ph scale |
| positively charged ion | cation |
| compounds composed of a carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (2:1:1 ratio) | carbohydrate |
| contains one dounle bond between carbons | unsaturated fats |
| type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared instead of being transmitted | covalent bond |
| compunds composed od glycerol and fatty liquids | fats |
| a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in Ph | buffer |
| the amount of matter in an object | mass |
| the ration of matter's mass to its volume | density |
| contain only single bonds wit between carbons | saturated acids |
| positive charged/large mass | proton |
| anything that occupies space and has mass | matter |
| no charge/ same mass as a proton | neutron |
| center of an atom | nucleus |
| must contain carbon and come from living things | organic compound |
| small chemical units make up a polymer | monomer |
| being dissolved | solute |
| pure substance that contains entirely of one type of atom | element |
| does the dissolving | solvent |
| the weighted averages of the masses of an element's isotopes (decimal number at the bottom) | atomic mass |
| chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | ionic bond |
| macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous | nucleic acids |
| consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group | nucleotide |
| macromolecules containing nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur | proteins |
| compound that contains an amino group (NH2) on end, a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other, and a side group | amino acid |
| covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid | peptide bond |
| changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | chemical reaction |
| elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction | reactants |
| elements or compounds that are produced from a chemical reaction | products |
| chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed (will be cold, ex. Cold Pack) | endothermic reaction |
| chemical reaction in which energy is released (usually heat, ex. Hand Warmer) | exothermic reaction |
| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; unchanged by the reaction | catalyst |
| protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions; speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells;Very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction | enzymes |
| reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | substrate |
| amount of heat energy required to increase temperature | heat capacity |
| weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom | hydrogen bond |
| attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion |
| the force of attraction between different kinds of molecules | adhesion |
| number of protons in an element (number at the top) | atomic number |
| CHONPS | most common elements in living things;Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur |
| acid thats close to 7 | weak |
| acid thats close to 1 | strong |
| base thats close to 7 | strong |
| base thats close to 1 | weak |
| if a atom loses electrons it becomes ____ charged | positively |
| ig a atom gains electrons it becomes ____ charged | negatively |
| a pH of 0-7 is | acidic |
| a pH of 7 is | neutral |
| a pH of 7-14 is | basic |
| the four major macromolecules found in living things are | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| Proteins have many functions: | oControl the rate of reactions oRegulate cell processes oForm important cellular structures oTransport substances into or out of cells oHelp fight disease |
| if a work ends in -ose it is a | sugar |
| if a work ends in -ase it is a | enzyme |
Created by:
natalie.haigler.15