Pivot Point Salon Fundamentals Cosmetology Chemistry
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| "The term used to identify anything that occupies space is called:" | "matter"
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| "Melting ice changes water from a solid to a liquid. Boiling water changes water from a liquid to a gas. These are examples of what type of change?" | "physical"
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| "Atoms make up elements. Elements make up matter. Therefore all matter is comprised of:" | "atoms"
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| "All matter that is living or once was living contains carbon and deals with:" | "organic chemistry"
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| "Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called:" | "elements"
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| "Atoms that are the same form a(n):" | "element"
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| "Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):" | "molecule"
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| "When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom the result is water which is called a(n):" | "compound"
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| "Carbon nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen are the building blocks of:" | "amino acids"
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| "What is created when amino acids join together in chains?" | "proteins"
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| "What makes up the primary composition of hair?" | "keratin"
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| "Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?" | "hydrogen bonds"
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| "The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:" | "side bonds"
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| "What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?" | "disulfide bond"
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| "Describe in basic terms how human hair is formed?" | "protein chains connect to other protein chains"
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| "Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain:" | "water"
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| "A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:" | "acidic"
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| "A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic than a pH of 6?" | 10
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| "Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:" | "neutral"
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| "In what pH range is skin and hair?" | "4.5 to 5.5"
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| "In the process of making a cup of instant hot chocolate what would the powdered chocolate represent?" | "solute"
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| "A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed would be a(n):" | "solution"
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| "A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n):" | "solvent"
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| "The instructions on a product state to shake well before use which indicates this product is probably a(n):" | "suspension"
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| "What is formed when two or more non-mixable substances are united with the help of a binder?" | "emulsion"
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| "Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:" | "ointments"
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| "Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified fall under which of the following classifications?" | "soaps"
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| "Which type of cosmetic requires sifting until free of coarse gritty particles?" | "powder"
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| "Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used by salon professionals?" | "oil-in-water emulsion"
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| "Which term means non-mixable?" | "immiscible"
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| "Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is called:" | "shampooing"
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| "The primary ingredient of most shampoos is:" | "deionized water"
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| "If water contains certain salts of calcium magnesium and other metals it is classified as:" | "hard water"
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| "What is the name given to purifying water by passing it through a porous substance?" | "filtration"
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| "Which shampoo type is formulated to have the same pH as the hair and skin?" | "acid-balanced shampoo"
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| "Which shampoo would NOT be used for color-treated or damaged hair?" | "plain shampoo"
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| "Which shampoo would most likely be used to remove product build-up?" | "clarifying shampoo"
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| "Which shampoo would generally be recommended for an individual who is ill and bedridden?" | "powder dry shampoo"
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| "Which shampoo type is designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders?" | "medicated shampoo"
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| "Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the hair and deposit color?" | "color shampoo"
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| "Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?" | "body-building conditioner"
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| "The main ingredients found in most neutralizers are:" | "hydrogen peroxide sodium perborate or sodium bromate"
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| "The color molecules in permanent hair color enter the hair with the aid of:" | "an alkaline substance"
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| "What occurs during oxidation?" | "a substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired"
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| "Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide have the ability to release:" | "oxygen"
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| "Which components are contained within temporary colors?" | "certified colors"
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| "Which term identifies the change assigned to an oxidative hair color procedure?" | "chemical change"
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| "Ammonia a colorless gas with a strong odor is composed of hydrogen and:" | "nitrogen"
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| "What would be used to determine if a bottle of hydrogen peroxide is still potent if the purchase date was no longer on the label?" | "hydrometer"
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| "Which party is responsible for distribution of Material Safety Data Sheets?" | "manufacturer"
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| "An example of a/an _____ is when atoms chemically combine to form compounds." | "Chemical bond"
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| "Following a sodium hydroxide procedure additional chemical procedures that use thioglycolic acid:" | "May never be used"
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| "When two or more kinds of substances combine physically it form a:" | "mixture"
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| "What is the scientific study of matter and the physical changes in matter?" | "Chemistry"
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| "What are the three main parts of an atom" | "proton neutron electron"
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| "surfectant is also known as" | "surface active agent"
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| "____ can change without involving a change in chemical composition" | "physical properties"
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| "When a solute dissolves in a solvent it is" | "a solution"
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| "What is the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself?" | "Chemistry"
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| "The backbone of protein bonds is the" | "peptide bonds"
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| "The atomic number is the number of _____ found in the nucleus of an atom" | "Protons"
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| "Polymers of amino acids covalently linked through peptide bonds into a chain are" | "proteins"
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| "The study of minerals involves" | "inorganic chemistry"
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| "Ointments are mixtures of organic substances and are" | "medicinal"
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| "redox is also known" | "oxidation-reduction"
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| "The six general cosmetic classificaitons used in the cosmetology industry" | "are based on how well a substance combines with another substance"
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| "Miscible liquids are capable of being" | "mixed together into a stable solution"
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| "The shine or luster of hair is the" | "cosmetic apperance"
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| "If an unstable atom merges with an atom of a dissimilar element a ______ is produced" | "Molecule"
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| "How many common amino acids are there?" | "Twenty-two"
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| "A pure substance is" | "mater not combined with materials of different chemical compositions"
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| "A simple definition of oxidation is" | "The gaining of oxygen"
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| "The science that deals with compounds lacking carbon is" | "inorganic chemistry"
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| A change in a substance that creates a new substance with properties or characteristics different from the original substance is a: | Chemical Change
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| Performing a haircut, shattering glass, or performing a thermal style are all what types of changes? | Physical
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| What type of change is the rusting of a nail? | chemical
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| Within an atom, protons and neutrons are found in the: | nucleus
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| The shell of an atom consists of | electons
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| pH scale indicates whether a substance is... | acidic, alkaline, neutral
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| Solutions with equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions are... | neutral
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| What governmental act defines items as "cosmetics"? | The food and drug act of 1938
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| How many classifications are assigned to categorize cosmetics? | 6
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| What contains a lipophilic part, a hydrophilic part, and is used to remove oil from hair? | surfactant
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| Which type of shampoo contains low alkaline content and a low concentration of surface acting agents and generally does not correct any special condition? | all-purpose
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| Acid rinses help to: | close the cuticle
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| What type of conditioners coat the hair shaft and restore moisture and oils, but do not penetrate into the cortex or replace keratin in the shaft? | instant
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| What type of conditioner contains hydrolyzed animal proteins and are recommended for dry, brittle hair that has been mechanically or chemically damaged? | moisturizing
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| What conditioner fortifies damage, alters the way hair behaves, and protects against further damage? | protein
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| The purpose of a waving lotion is to | break disulfide bonds by softening the protein structure and allowing the protein chains to assume the shape of the tool
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| Purpose of neutralizer is to | restore disufide bonds into the new configurations
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| What type of wave is processed without heat? | alkaline
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| What type of color is most frequently used in permanent hair color? | Aniline
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| What product is used for lightening procedures such as highlighting/weaving? | off the scalp/powder bleaches
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| Most common oxidizing agent used in hair color and lightening | hydrogen peroxide
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| What is incompatible with other chemical procedure such as perms and oxidative hair coloring? | metallic dyes
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