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Ch 5 Chemistry
Pivot Point Salon Fundamentals Cosmetology Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "The term used to identify anything that occupies space is called:" | "matter" |
| "Melting ice changes water from a solid to a liquid. Boiling water changes water from a liquid to a gas. These are examples of what type of change?" | "physical" |
| "Atoms make up elements. Elements make up matter. Therefore all matter is comprised of:" | "atoms" |
| "All matter that is living or once was living contains carbon and deals with:" | "organic chemistry" |
| "Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called:" | "elements" |
| "Atoms that are the same form a(n):" | "element" |
| "Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):" | "molecule" |
| "When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom the result is water which is called a(n):" | "compound" |
| "Carbon nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen are the building blocks of:" | "amino acids" |
| "What is created when amino acids join together in chains?" | "proteins" |
| "What makes up the primary composition of hair?" | "keratin" |
| "Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?" | "hydrogen bonds" |
| "The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:" | "side bonds" |
| "What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?" | "disulfide bond" |
| "Describe in basic terms how human hair is formed?" | "protein chains connect to other protein chains" |
| "Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain:" | "water" |
| "A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:" | "acidic" |
| "A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic than a pH of 6?" | 10 |
| "Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:" | "neutral" |
| "In what pH range is skin and hair?" | "4.5 to 5.5" |
| "In the process of making a cup of instant hot chocolate what would the powdered chocolate represent?" | "solute" |
| "A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed would be a(n):" | "solution" |
| "A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n):" | "solvent" |
| "The instructions on a product state to shake well before use which indicates this product is probably a(n):" | "suspension" |
| "What is formed when two or more non-mixable substances are united with the help of a binder?" | "emulsion" |
| "Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:" | "ointments" |
| "Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified fall under which of the following classifications?" | "soaps" |
| "Which type of cosmetic requires sifting until free of coarse gritty particles?" | "powder" |
| "Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used by salon professionals?" | "oil-in-water emulsion" |
| "Which term means non-mixable?" | "immiscible" |
| "Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is called:" | "shampooing" |
| "The primary ingredient of most shampoos is:" | "deionized water" |
| "If water contains certain salts of calcium magnesium and other metals it is classified as:" | "hard water" |
| "What is the name given to purifying water by passing it through a porous substance?" | "filtration" |
| "Which shampoo type is formulated to have the same pH as the hair and skin?" | "acid-balanced shampoo" |
| "Which shampoo would NOT be used for color-treated or damaged hair?" | "plain shampoo" |
| "Which shampoo would most likely be used to remove product build-up?" | "clarifying shampoo" |
| "Which shampoo would generally be recommended for an individual who is ill and bedridden?" | "powder dry shampoo" |
| "Which shampoo type is designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders?" | "medicated shampoo" |
| "Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the hair and deposit color?" | "color shampoo" |
| "Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?" | "body-building conditioner" |
| "The main ingredients found in most neutralizers are:" | "hydrogen peroxide sodium perborate or sodium bromate" |
| "The color molecules in permanent hair color enter the hair with the aid of:" | "an alkaline substance" |
| "What occurs during oxidation?" | "a substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired" |
| "Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide have the ability to release:" | "oxygen" |
| "Which components are contained within temporary colors?" | "certified colors" |
| "Which term identifies the change assigned to an oxidative hair color procedure?" | "chemical change" |
| "Ammonia a colorless gas with a strong odor is composed of hydrogen and:" | "nitrogen" |
| "What would be used to determine if a bottle of hydrogen peroxide is still potent if the purchase date was no longer on the label?" | "hydrometer" |
| "Which party is responsible for distribution of Material Safety Data Sheets?" | "manufacturer" |
| "An example of a/an _____ is when atoms chemically combine to form compounds." | "Chemical bond" |
| "Following a sodium hydroxide procedure additional chemical procedures that use thioglycolic acid:" | "May never be used" |
| "When two or more kinds of substances combine physically it form a:" | "mixture" |
| "What is the scientific study of matter and the physical changes in matter?" | "Chemistry" |
| "What are the three main parts of an atom" | "proton neutron electron" |
| "surfectant is also known as" | "surface active agent" |
| "____ can change without involving a change in chemical composition" | "physical properties" |
| "When a solute dissolves in a solvent it is" | "a solution" |
| "What is the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself?" | "Chemistry" |
| "The backbone of protein bonds is the" | "peptide bonds" |
| "The atomic number is the number of _____ found in the nucleus of an atom" | "Protons" |
| "Polymers of amino acids covalently linked through peptide bonds into a chain are" | "proteins" |
| "The study of minerals involves" | "inorganic chemistry" |
| "Ointments are mixtures of organic substances and are" | "medicinal" |
| "redox is also known" | "oxidation-reduction" |
| "The six general cosmetic classificaitons used in the cosmetology industry" | "are based on how well a substance combines with another substance" |
| "Miscible liquids are capable of being" | "mixed together into a stable solution" |
| "The shine or luster of hair is the" | "cosmetic apperance" |
| "If an unstable atom merges with an atom of a dissimilar element a ______ is produced" | "Molecule" |
| "How many common amino acids are there?" | "Twenty-two" |
| "A pure substance is" | "mater not combined with materials of different chemical compositions" |
| "A simple definition of oxidation is" | "The gaining of oxygen" |
| "The science that deals with compounds lacking carbon is" | "inorganic chemistry" |
| A change in a substance that creates a new substance with properties or characteristics different from the original substance is a: | Chemical Change |
| Performing a haircut, shattering glass, or performing a thermal style are all what types of changes? | Physical |
| What type of change is the rusting of a nail? | chemical |
| Within an atom, protons and neutrons are found in the: | nucleus |
| The shell of an atom consists of | electons |
| pH scale indicates whether a substance is... | acidic, alkaline, neutral |
| Solutions with equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions are... | neutral |
| What governmental act defines items as "cosmetics"? | The food and drug act of 1938 |
| How many classifications are assigned to categorize cosmetics? | 6 |
| What contains a lipophilic part, a hydrophilic part, and is used to remove oil from hair? | surfactant |
| Which type of shampoo contains low alkaline content and a low concentration of surface acting agents and generally does not correct any special condition? | all-purpose |
| Acid rinses help to: | close the cuticle |
| What type of conditioners coat the hair shaft and restore moisture and oils, but do not penetrate into the cortex or replace keratin in the shaft? | instant |
| What type of conditioner contains hydrolyzed animal proteins and are recommended for dry, brittle hair that has been mechanically or chemically damaged? | moisturizing |
| What conditioner fortifies damage, alters the way hair behaves, and protects against further damage? | protein |
| The purpose of a waving lotion is to | break disulfide bonds by softening the protein structure and allowing the protein chains to assume the shape of the tool |
| Purpose of neutralizer is to | restore disufide bonds into the new configurations |
| What type of wave is processed without heat? | alkaline |
| What type of color is most frequently used in permanent hair color? | Aniline |
| What product is used for lightening procedures such as highlighting/weaving? | off the scalp/powder bleaches |
| Most common oxidizing agent used in hair color and lightening | hydrogen peroxide |
| What is incompatible with other chemical procedure such as perms and oxidative hair coloring? | metallic dyes |
Created by:
kate_zona
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