Test 2 Pharmacology - Antianxiety, CNS Stimulants
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| Has Active metabolites that can accumulate in renal or hepatic compromised patients | Diazepam (Valium)
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| Used to treat anxiety,seizures, sedation and to relax skeltal muscles | Diazepam(Valium)
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| Benzodiazepines- Side Effects | Drosiness/sedation,N/V, dry mouth,Constipation
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| When mixed with Benzodiazepines can cause death | sedating meds, or alcohol, respiratory arrrest
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| Antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose | Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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| Symptoms of Benzodiazepines overdose | somnolence,confusion, coma or respiratory depression. Tx is symptomatic
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| PsychoHydroxyzine (Vistaril or Atarax) | An antihistamine used as anxiolytic and antiemetic agent
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| Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan) | Anti-anxiety agents Benzodiazepines
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| Benzodiazepines | 1st Line Defense increase GABA (can inhib amino acid which inhibits nerve transmissions in the brain.
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| Many of the drugs used to treat affective disorders increase | Neurotransmitter concentrations in the CNS
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| Cyclic Antidepressants | Blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters NE and serotonin
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| Cyclic Andidepressants -Inhibit 1_________but also block______________________, which results in so many adverse effects | blocks muscarinic, histaminergic,adrenergic, dopaminergic and serontergic recptors
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| Cyclic Antidepressants - Side Effects | due to mscarinc receptors: Sedation, impotence, orthostatic hypotension . Elderly are affected by more dizziness, constipation, delayed micturation, edema and muscle tremors
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| Cyclic Antidepress Overdose | TCA overdoses can be lthal. Affects CNS, cardiovas, death from seizures or dysrhythmias. No antidote. Use supportive measures such as charcoal and diazepam for seizures
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| Imipramine (Tofranil) | Blocks reuptake of Norepine and serotonin. Used to treat major depression and depressive phse of bipolar disorder. Also combined with antipsychotic drugs to treat psychotic features.. Caution with heart disease can slow HR. Adverse - Cardiac irregularitie
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| Monamine Oxidase | The enzyme MAO inactivates dopamine, serotonin, epinephre and norepinephrine. Increased levels of serotonin epinephre and norepinephrine help with depression
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| MAOI | inhibit activity of MAO, increasing levels of norep,epine, and serotonin thus
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| Amitriptyline(Elavil) | Tricyclic anti-depressant. Used to treat depression - blocks reuptake of Nore,
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| Nortriptyline (Aventyl) | Tricyclic Antidepressant
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| What type of depression are MAOI especially useful | Those that are not responsive to other therapies. Not a first line agent used due to the side-effect profile.
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| MAOI's Side Effects | orthostatic Hypotensions, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea
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| S/S Of MAOI toxicity | s/s occur 12 hours after ingestion. Cardiovascular and neurologic in nature. Tachycardia and circulatory collapse, seizures and coma
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| MAOI's and foods containing Tyramine | results in hypertensive crisis - lethal
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| Patients who are suffering a reaction to MAOI and Tyramine should be given what mediation | Nifedipine(anti-hypertensive)
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| MAOI's interacting with MAOI's causes | active metabolites. Avoid all opids in general
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| MAOI's can cause: | A Hypertensive Crisis
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