Urinary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| severe generalized edema | show 🗑
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| urine output less than 100ml per day | show 🗑
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| a general feeling of tiredness or listlessness | show 🗑
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| the buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood | show 🗑
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| a medical procedure for the removal of elements from the blood through an external semipermeable membrane or the peritoneum | show 🗑
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| painful or difficult urination | show 🗑
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| blood in the urine | show 🗑
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| dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces | show 🗑
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| a substance that causes destruction of the kidney | show 🗑
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| excessive urination at night | show 🗑
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| show | oliguria
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| show | pyuria
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| show | residual urine
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| show | less than 50ml
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| show | excrete waste products, regulate fluid and electrolytes, maintain acid base balance, secrete erythropoietin
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| show | erythropoietin
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| Which kidney is located anatomically lower than the other kidney? | show 🗑
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| the kidneys are surrounded by a layer of this kind of tissue | show 🗑
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| show | hilus
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| outer covering of the kidney made of strong connective tissue | show 🗑
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| just beneath the capsule and contains 1.25 million renal tubules | show 🗑
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| lies beneath the cortex and is darker in color; contains the triangular pyramids | show 🗑
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| show | palilla
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| what is the functional unit of the kidney? | show 🗑
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| lightly bound network of capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | afferent
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| show | efferent
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| cuplike structure that collects the glomerular filtrate | show 🗑
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| show | urine
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| between the ages of 40 and 70, the filtering mechanism of the kidneys becomes ____ _______ | show 🗑
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| show | aging
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| show | UTI's
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| urinary retention or hesitancy in males is frequently caused by this | show 🗑
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| men become more prone to UTI's with aging because of this | show 🗑
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| show | routine urinalysis
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| show | color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, RBC's and WBC's
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| what is the normal pH range of urine | show 🗑
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| show | 1.005 -1.030
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| measurement of excreted substances by the kidney during a 24 hour period | show 🗑
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| show | protein, creatinine, urea, uric acid, catecholamines
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| used to confirm suspected infections, identify causative organisms, determine appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and periodically screen urine for infection | show 🗑
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| this portion of the culture and sensitivity can reliably differentiate between infection and contamination of a clean catch | show 🗑
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| this test is an excellent indicator of renal function and determines efficiency of kidneys clearing creatinine from blood | show 🗑
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| show | 24 hour
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| show | serum creatinine
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| this test determines the kidney's ability to rid the blood of urea | show 🗑
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| normal creatinine clearance | show 🗑
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| normal serum creatinine | show 🗑
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| show | 10-20 mg per dl
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| show | PSA
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| false positive PSA can be caused by | show 🗑
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| normal PSA | show 🗑
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| measurement of the weight of the solvent compared with the weight of the solute | show 🗑
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| show | osmolality
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| show | KUB (kidney ureter bladder)
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| before IVP (intravenous pyelogram) the nurse should determine if a patient has an allergy to | show 🗑
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| common side effect of contrast injection | show 🗑
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| examination of the lower urinaty tract with a sterile cystoscope | show 🗑
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| patient may be asked to void during this procedure | show 🗑
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| noninvasive procedure used to identify the kidney's shape, size, location, collecting systems, and adjacent tissues | show 🗑
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| visual examination to inspect, treat, evaluate, or diagnose disorders of the urinary bladder and proximal structures | show 🗑
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| following cystoscopy, what should the nurse encourage? | show 🗑
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| performed with a nylon brush via a urethral catheter during a cystoscopy | show 🗑
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| show | nephroscopy
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| show | renal angioogram
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| rectangular area created from ligaments that suspends and anchors the bladder within the pelvic and pubic bones | show 🗑
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| show | transitional epithelium
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| show | bladder wall
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| show | urethra
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| show | prostate
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| provides involuntary control over the discharge of urine from the bladder | show 🗑
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| a circular band of skeletal muscle that is under voluntary control located at the end of the urethra | show 🗑
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| composed of the kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters | show 🗑
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| show | lower urinary tract
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| show | 750 to 1000 mL of urine
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| average hourly output of urine for an adult | show 🗑
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| show | frequency
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| show | infection, disease of urinary tract, metabolic disease, hypertension, medications
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| show | infection of lower urinary tract, irritation following intercourse, bath and feminine hygiene products
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| bed wetting | show 🗑
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| strong desire to urinate | show 🗑
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| conditions that can result in urgency | show 🗑
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| show | nocturia
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| conditions that can result in nocturia | show 🗑
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| show | polyuria
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| passage of gas in urine during voiding | show 🗑
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| conditions that can result in urinary hesitancy | show 🗑
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| show | infection, sphincter damage, spinal damage, congenital defects, bladder trauma
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| four types of urinary incontinence | show 🗑
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| show | ditropan, dibenzaline, urecholine, detrol
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| show | kegels
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| show | urinary discomfort, rash, lower abdominal pain, fever/chills, cloudy or foul smelling urine
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| show | benign prostatic hypertrophy, strictures, foreign bodies, phimosis, urethritis
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| causes of urinary retention in both males and females | show 🗑
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| show | retroverted uterus
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| residual urinary retention greater than 50mL indicates | show 🗑
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| show | pyridium, prosed DS
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| show | uroxatol, ditropan, detrol, detro LA
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| loss of voluntary bladder control resulting in urinary retention or incontinence | show 🗑
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| show | congenital anomaly, neurological disease, trauma
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| caused by a lesion above the voiding reflex arc resulting in bladder wall atrophy and decreased capacity | show 🗑
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| caused by a lesion of a lower motor neuron resulting in distension with urine stasis and incomplete emptying, and loss of urge to foid | show 🗑
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| show | spastic bladder
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| show | diuretics
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| show | acetazolamide
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| loop diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | mannitol (osmitrol, resectisol)
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| potassium sparing diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | chlorothiazide (diuril), hydrochlorothiazide (esidrex)
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| thiazide like diuretics | show 🗑
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| this electrolyte imbalance can cause enhanced digitalis glycoside toxicity | show 🗑
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| signs and symptoms of hypokalemia | show 🗑
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| patients on diuretics should have these lab values monitored frequently | show 🗑
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| oral diuretics should be administered at what time of day | show 🗑
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| potassium replacement should be administered if levels are below | show 🗑
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| show | decreased blood pressure, increased urine output, decreased edema, decreased intracranial pressure
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| show | carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics
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| show | loop (high ceiling) diuretics
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| show | uncorrected electrolyte imbalance, hepatic coma, anuria
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| show | electrolytes, metablolic byproducts
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| these diuretics are used as ADJUNCTS in the treatment of oliguric renal failure, edema, increased intracranial pressure, and toxic overdose | show 🗑
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| osmotic diuretics are contraindicated | show 🗑
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| show | hypomagnesemia
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| these diuretics are given to control pregnancy related seizures | show 🗑
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| these diuretics counteract potassium loss caused by thiazide and loop diuretics | show 🗑
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| these diuretics cause loss of sodium bicarbonate and calcium while saving potassium and hydrogen ions at the distal tubule | show 🗑
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| show | hyperkalemia
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| show | bluish urine
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| these diuretics are used alone or in combination in the treatment of hypertension and edema due to CHF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, corticosteroid therapy, and estrogen therapy | show 🗑
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| these diuretics increase the kidney's filtration of sodium and water and promote the excretion of chloride, potassium, magnesium, and bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| show | anuria, lactation
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| common adverse side effect of thiazide diuretics in diabetics | show 🗑
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| a patient taking thiazide diuretics is experiencing the desired effects of the medication if | show 🗑
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| these diuretics increase excreation of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule | show 🗑
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| these medications provide relief from pain, itching, burning, urgency, and frequency associated with infection or urologic procedures | show 🗑
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| pyridium is contraindicated | show 🗑
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| patients taking pyridium should be warned about this odd side effect | show 🗑
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| these medications are used to treat frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, incontinence, and overactive bladder | show 🗑
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| show | oxybutynin oral or transdermal
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| show | glaucoma, intestinal obstruction, toxic megacolon, paralytic ileus, myasthenia gravis, hemorrhage/shock, obstructive uropathy
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| side effect of ocybutynin that males specifically should be warned about | show 🗑
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| these medications are used to treat urinary retention (nonobstructive) | show 🗑
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| these medications for urinary retention mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate gastric motility and micturation | show 🗑
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| show | bethanechol chloride (urecholine); neostigmine (prostigmin)
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| show | mechanical obstruction of GI or GU tract
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| antidote for cholinergics | show 🗑
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| bacteria in the urine | show 🗑
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| commmon cause of nonsocomial urinary tract infections | show 🗑
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| chronic conditions that increase a patient's risk of urinary tract infections | show 🗑
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| show | urethritis
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| infection/inflammation of the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| show | pyelonephritis
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| infection/inflammation of the prostate | show 🗑
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| show | gram negative bacteria
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| methods for preventing urinary tract infections | show 🗑
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| show | by presence or absence of gonorrhea
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| most common cause of nonspecific urethritis | show 🗑
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| signs and symptoms of urethritis | show 🗑
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| causes of cystitis | show 🗑
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| show | urgency, frequency, dysuria, perineal and suprapubic pain, nocturia, hematuria, chills and fever
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| show | septra, bactrim, macrodantin
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| most common cause of pyelonephritis | show 🗑
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| chronic pyelonephritis is most commonly associated with | show 🗑
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| kidney failure develops when large numbers of ________________ are destroyed | show 🗑
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| show | costovertebral angle
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| show | quinolone (nalidixic acid)
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| urinary antiseptic used to treat gram positive and negative microbes, common side effects include, loss of apppetite and nausesa/vomiting | show 🗑
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| show | methenamine (mandelamine)
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| urinary antiseptic; broad strectrum effective against gram positive or negative organisms | show 🗑
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| show | black, furry overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul smelling stools; allergic reaction
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| show | formaldehyde
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| this supplement can help to acidify urine | show 🗑
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| show | teeth staining
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| show | increase
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| nonbacterial prostatitis results from _______ of the urethra | show 🗑
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| signs and symptoms of prostatitis | show 🗑
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| how long are antibiotic administered for prostatitis? | show 🗑
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| show | arousal, sexual intercourse
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| possible complications of urinary obstruction | show 🗑
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| show | strictures, kinks, cysts, tumors, calculi, BPH
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| catheter choice of urinary obstruction is dependent on | show 🗑
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| show | ureteral stent
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| show | diabetes insipidus, dehydration
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| cause of hydronephrosis | show 🗑
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| prolonged pressure associated with hydronephrosis can result in | show 🗑
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| signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis | show 🗑
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| show | immobility, hyperparathyroid (overproduction of calcium), recurrent UTI, dehydration, excessive vitamin D intake, osteoporosis
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| show | 20-30 year old males
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| stones in the kidney | show 🗑
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| stones in the ureter | show 🗑
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| show | cystolithiasis
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| signs and symptoms of urolithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | ureterolithotomy
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| removal of stone from renal pevis | show 🗑
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| removal of ston from renal parenchyma (tissue) | show 🗑
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| alkylating or acidifying agents instilled to dissolve stone | show 🗑
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| show | straining
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| loss of voluntary voiding control resulting in urinary retention | show 🗑
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| show | gender, smoking, family history, preexisting renal disorders
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| show | intermittent hematuria, weight loss, dull flank pain, mass in flank, fatigue
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| show | surgery (nephrectomy), radiation, chemotherapy
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| most common site of cancer in the urinary tract | show 🗑
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| genetic disorder where multiple fluid filled cysts slowly replace much of the kidney | show 🗑
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| renal function compromise in polycystic kidney disease is caused by | show 🗑
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| show | collecting ducts
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| show | flank pain, HEADACHE, GI upset, voiding disturbances, recurrent uti's, hypertension
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| what is the treatment for polycystic kidney disease | show 🗑
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| secretes alkaline fluid that helps neutralize seminal fluid and increases sperm motility | show 🗑
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| signs and symptoms of BPH | show 🗑
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| show | 1000 mL
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| most common procedure for relief of BPH | show 🗑
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| show | terazosin hydrochloride (Hytrin)
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| show | finasteride (proscar)
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| show | women
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| side effects of androgen inhibitors that the patient should understand | show 🗑
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| show | alfuzosin (uroxatral)
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| show | hepatic impairment, alpha blockers, renal impairment, women or children
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| show | hypotension
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| at risk age group for prostate cancer | show 🗑
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| by the time prostate cancer causes urinary symptoms, this has usually already occurred | show 🗑
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| show | feeling of prostate, boggy and enlarged with BPH, firm and possible nodules, with cancer
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| which prostatectomy procedure provides access to pelvic lymph nodes? | show 🗑
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| in this prostatectomy the approach is through the bladder | show 🗑
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| show | tranurethral prostatectomy
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| show | radical perineal prostatectomy
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| show | strictures
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| show | retropubic prostatectomy
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| show | urolithiasis
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| show | nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
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| show | foamy
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| show | low sodium, high protein
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| show | periorbital edema, visual disturbanses, nausea, anorexia, anemia, nosebleeds, headache, irritability, malaise, edema, dyspnea, hematuria, oliguria, anuria, nocturia, flank pain/tenderness
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| glomerulonephritis can cause this, which can lead to cerebral and cardiac complications | show 🗑
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| show | antibiotics (to prevent infection), diuretics, antihypertensives, vitamins, iron supplements, corticosteroids
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| diet for glomerulonephritis | show 🗑
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| clinical manifestations of chronic glomerulonephritis | show 🗑
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| urea in the blood can cause this uncomfortable side effect | show 🗑
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| causes of acute renal failure | show 🗑
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| these two heavy metals are nephrotixic | show 🗑
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| recovery from acute renal failure may take this long | show 🗑
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| a patient with chronic renal failure may have lost this percentage of function before symptoms develop | show 🗑
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| terminal stage of renal failure | show 🗑
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| causes of chronic renal failure | show 🗑
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| a patient with chronic renal failure will smell like | show 🗑
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| indications for hemodialysis | show 🗑
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| show | systemic inflammatory disease, previous abdominal surgery, chronic back pain
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| surgical removal of kidney | show 🗑
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| a catheter inserted into the kidney pelvis for drainage | show 🗑
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| how much fluid can safely be used for irrigation of a nephrostomy tube | show 🗑
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| most common urinary diversion following cystectomy | show 🗑
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| show | ileal urinary resoirvoir
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