Health Assessment Test #3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermis | -avascular
-inner basal cell layer: forms new cells
-horny cell layer: basal cells migrate up, flatten, become dead kerontized cells
-skin color = brown from melanin, yellow/orange from carotene, and red/purple from vascular bed
🗑
|
||||
| What is the dermis primarily made of? | Collegen: resists tearing
Elastic tissue: allows skin to stretch
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of the skin? | protection, prevent penetration, perception, product. of Vit D, absorption/excretion, communication, temp regulation, would repair, identification
🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between the 2 kinds of sweat glands? | eccrine: open directly on skin and produces sweat
appocrine: produce thick secretions and open on hair follicles, active during puberty
🗑
|
||||
| Sebaceous glands | secretes sebum to lubricate skin and hair and retard H20 loss, everywhere except palms and soles
🗑
|
||||
| Possible causes of pallor? | anemia, high-stress states like anxiety or shock
🗑
|
||||
| Possible causes of Erythema? | polycythemia, venous statis, carbon-monoxide poisoning
🗑
|
||||
| Possible causes of cyanosis? | decreased profusion, hypoxemia, heart failure, chronic bronchitis
🗑
|
||||
| What are some reasons for diaphoresis? | thyrotoxicosis, anxiety, pain
🗑
|
||||
| Lentigines | -"liver spots"
-small flat brown macules that appear after sun exposure
-usually on dorsum of hand and forearm
-not malignant
-normal for aging adult
🗑
|
||||
| Acrochordons | -"skin tags"
-overgrowths of normal skin that are polyp-like & appear in stalks
🗑
|
||||
| Sebaceous hyperplasia | raised yellow papules with central depression, more common in males, commonly on forehead, cheeks, and nose
🗑
|
||||
| Vitiligo | absence of melanin
🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between primary & secondary lesions? | primary: when lesion develops on previously unaltered skin
secondary: when lesion changes over time or changes due to factors like infection/scratching
🗑
|
||||
| Senile angiomas | -small, smooth slightly raised bright red dot
-can ^ in size and # with age but it's not significant
🗑
|
||||
| What causes purpuic lesions? | -caused by blood leaking out of the capillaries and into the tissues
-(ie: petechiae (tiny round hemorrhages 1-3mm, ecchymosis, purpura (>3mm, extensive, flat patches of petechiae and ecchymosis)
🗑
|
||||
| What is a hemangioma and give examples? | -benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
-ie: port-wine stain: large flat macular patch covering scalp & face
-ie: strawberry mark: immature hemangioma
-ie: cavernous: mature hemangioma, reddish-blue irregularly shaped spongy mass
🗑
|
||||
| Paronychia | inflammation of the nail folds
🗑
|
||||
| Beau's Line | transverse groove across nail occuring from trauma or illness that can temporarily inhibit nail growth
🗑
|
||||
| Splinter Hemorrages | red-brown linear streaks
🗑
|
||||
| Pitting of the Nails | often occurs w/psoriasis
🗑
|
||||
| Late clubbing of the nails | -nail bed angle >180
-can occur w/ congenital cyanotic heart disease, neoplastic or pulmonary disease
🗑
|
||||
| Onycholysis | -slow fungal infection of the nails
-green/thick/crumbly nails
🗑
|
||||
| Folliculitis | -superficial infection of the hair follicles
-"whiteheads"
🗑
|
||||
| Pediculosis Capitis | head lice
🗑
|
||||
| Hirsutism | excessive body hair
🗑
|
||||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | yellow-white greasy scales w/erythema on scalp and forehead
🗑
|
||||
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | -pearly papule that can become ulcerated
-most common form of skin cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Squamos Cell Carcinoma | -erythemous scaly patches
-less common but grows rapidly
🗑
|
||||
| Trichotillomania | -self-induced hair loss
-can be a sign of personality disorder in adults
🗑
|
||||
| Traumatic Alopecia | -hair loss (along hair line or scattered) due to trauma like hair rollers, braids, tight ponytails
🗑
|
||||
| Pallor in Dark Skin | -brown skin- dull yellow-brown
-black skin- dull, ashen gray
-check areas w/least pigmentation such as conjunctiva & mucus membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Cyanosis in Dark Skin | -darker, dull, lifeless
-check in conjunctiva, oral mucosa, & nail beds
🗑
|
||||
| Erythema in Dark skin | -purplish tinge
-cherry color in nail beds, lips, oral mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| Examples of Secondary Skin Lesions | -crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, keloid, lichenification
🗑
|
||||
| Skin/Hair/Nail Changes in Aging Adult | - epidermis thins
-loss of elastin/collagen/subQ fat/muscle tone = ^ risk for shear
-decrease # of sweat & sebaceous glands
-decrease # of melanocytes-->thin, fine, white hair
-cell replacement & wound healing is slowe
🗑
|
||||
| Mastalgia | breast pain
🗑
|
||||
| Galactarrhea | nipple discharge
🗑
|
||||
| Risk Factors for Breast Cancer | family history, high breast tissue density, obesity, hormonal therapy, having a child later in life (30 yrs+), recent oral contraceptives, never breastfeeding
🗑
|
||||
| Peau d'orange | -lymphatic obstruction producing edema, thickening the skin and exaggerating hair follicles giving a pigskin or orange-peel look
-suggests cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Breast Self Exam | right after the menstrual cycle or the 4th-7th day of her cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Mammograms | -start at age 40
-screening purpose
🗑
|
||||
| How do you palpate the breasts? | -use the pads of your first 3 fingers
-vertical stripe pattern is the recommended way
-also spokes on wheel pattern or concentric circle
🗑
|
||||
| How does a decrease in estrogen & progesterone effect the breast tissue? | -decrease estrogen = loss of firmness
-decrease progesterone = shrinkage
🗑
|
||||
| Incidence of breast cancer among populations | -whites have higher incidence of breast CA than blacks, but mortality rate is higher in black population due to insufficient use of screening measures or lack of access to healthcare
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 landmarks of the spine? | -C7 and T1 = base of neck
-T7 and T8 = inferior angle of scapula
-L4 = iliac crest
🗑
|
||||
| Ankylosis | stiffness or fixation of a joint
🗑
|
||||
| Tendinitis | pain worse in the morning, but improves
🗑
|
||||
| Osteoarthritis | pain worse later in the day
🗑
|
||||
| Rheumatoid | pain worse in morning but movement decreases pain
🗑
|
||||
| Action of Temporomandidibular Joint | -hinge = open-close action of jaw
-gliding = protrusion/retraction of jaw and lateral movement
🗑
|
||||
| Tinel Sign | +test = burning/tingling upon percussion of median nerve = carpal tunnel
🗑
|
||||
| Lasegue Test | + sciatic pain = herniated nucleus pulposus
🗑
|
||||
| How do you measure leg length? | between 2 fixed points from anterior iliac spine to medial malleolus
🗑
|
||||
| Epicondylitis | -"tennis elbow"-commonly occurs w/excessive supination & pronation
-pain on lateral epicondyle radiating down forearm
🗑
|
||||
| Phalen Sign | - hold hands back to back w/wrists at 90 degrees
+ test numbness = carpal tunnel
🗑
|
||||
| Thomas Test | -tests the hip
-normally flexion flattens the lumbar spine, but a + test occurs when there is a flexion deformity in opposite hip
🗑
|
||||
| McMurray Test | +click = torn meniscus
🗑
|
||||
| Osgood-Schlatter | painful swelling of the tibial tubercle, during rapid growth, more common in males
🗑
|
||||
| Genu Varum | bowlegs
🗑
|
||||
| Genu Valgum | knock knees
🗑
|
||||
| Swan Neck Abnormality | hyper-extension of proximal interphalangeal & flexion of distal interphalangeal due to rheumatoid
🗑
|
||||
| Boutonniere's Deformity | flexion of proximal interphalangeal w/hyper-extension of distal interphalangeal
🗑
|
||||
| Heberden's Node | bony overgrowths at the distal interphangeal
🗑
|
||||
| Musculoskeletal Changes in Aging Adult | -reabsorption or loss of bone matrix after 40-->osteoporosis
-decreased height due to thinning cartilage between vertebrae
-loss of subQ fat = bony prominences
-fat deposits in abdomen & hips
-Kyphosis: backward head tilt & flexion of hips & knees
🗑
|
||||
| Hallux Valgus | -big toe deviates away
-sign of rheumatoid
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanically, how do rotator cuff lesions occur? | -traumatic adduction while arm was held in abduction
-fall on shoulder
-heaving lifting
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system? | -support to stand erect
-movement
-encase & protect organs
-produce RBC
-storage of minerals (Ca+ & phosphorus)
🗑
|
||||
| Contracture | shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM
🗑
|
||||
| Callus | hypertrophy of epithelium due to prolonged pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Corns | thickening of soft tissue over bony prominences
🗑
|
||||
| Bunions | inflamed bursa at a pressure point
🗑
|
||||
| Where can you feel the temporomandibular joint? | depression anterior to tragus of ear
🗑
|
||||
| Glenohumeral Joint | shoulder
🗑
|
||||
| Location of Prostate | -in front of anterior wall of rectum
-2 cm behind the symphysis pubis
-surrounds the bladder neck and urethra
🗑
|
||||
| What are the effects of decreasing levels of testosterone? | -slower, less intense sexual response
-shorter & less forceful ejaculation
-goes back to flaccidity more quickly
🗑
|
||||
| How do you palpate the testes? | finger and thumb in rolling motion
🗑
|
||||
| Risks of Circumcision | -sepsis
-amputation of distal edge of gland
-chance of urethrocutaneous fistula
🗑
|
||||
| Location of Rectum | right above anus
🗑
|
||||
| Location of Anus | outermost portion
🗑
|
||||
| Contraindications to contraceptive use | -smoking
-DVT
-osteopuritis
🗑
|
||||
| Chadwick's sign | -blue cervix
-2nd month of pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of a normal uterus | -pair shaped
-tilted forward
-freely movable
-superior to bladder
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of normal cervix | -even, pink coloration
-1 inch in diameter
-midline
🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of a normal prostate | - heart shaped
-2.5-4cm
-smooth surface
-slightly movable
-elastic/rubbery
-non tender
🗑
|
||||
| Iron meds cause what kind of stool? | black & non-tarry
🗑
|
||||
| Steatorrhea | excessive fat in stool caused by malabsorption
🗑
|
||||
| How do you palpate the anus? | -lubricate finger
-ask patient to cough and insert finger at an angle
🗑
|
||||
| What is the average length of menopause? | 10 years
🗑
|
||||
| Gravida | pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Para | live births (for twins, it's still only considered 1 birth)
🗑
|
||||
| When do pap smears start? | age 18 or when sexual activity begins
NOT diagnostic, its a SCREENING process
🗑
|
||||
| reasons for red blood in stool | -hemmorrhoids
-anal fissures
🗑
|
||||
| Melena | -black & tarry stools
-sign of GI bleed
🗑
|
||||
| PSA | prostate specific antigen
-white men: 50 years
-black men: 45 years, more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and higher mortality rate
🗑
|
||||
| Definition of infertility | not conceiving of 1 yr of unprotected sex
🗑
|
||||
| Clay-like stool | no bile-->pancreas or liver problem
🗑
|
||||
| Reasons for hypothermia | shock, peripheral arterial insufficiency, Raynaud's
🗑
|
||||
| Reasons for hyperthermia | hyperthyroidism: ^ metabolic rate causing warm, moist skin
🗑
|
||||
| What is turgor and where do you assess for it? | turgor: ability of skin to return to place which reflects its elasticity
where to assess: anterior chest under clavicle
🗑
|
||||
| What can cause "tenting?" | severe dehydration or extreme weight loss
🗑
|
||||
| Where do you assess for edema? | Edema most evident in dependent parts of the body like feet, ankles, and sacral areas, where skin looks puffy and tight
🗑
|
||||
| Differentiate unilateral vs bilateral edema. | unilateral: local or peripheral cause
bilateral: generalized over whole body (anasarca)-consider central problem like heart or kidney failure
🗑
|
||||
| Describe skin texture w/hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. | hyperthyroid--> velvet-like
hypothyroid-->rough/dry/flaky
🗑
|
||||
| What is scleroderma? | -"hard skin"
-chronic connective tissue disorder associated w/decreased mobility
🗑
|
||||
| When using the Wood's light, what does a blue-green fluorescence indicate? | fungal infection like tinea capitis
🗑
|
||||
| What does absent or sparse genital hair suggest? | endocrine abnormalities
🗑
|
||||
| Are sudden appearance of brown linear streak across nail normal? | NO! may indicate melanoma
🗑
|
||||
| What is a wheal? | -primary skin lesion that is superficial, raised, transient, and erthematous
-slightly irregular due to edema
-ie: bug bite, allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| What is a nodule? | -primary skin lesion that is solid, hard or soft, elevated, and >1cm
-may extend deeper into dermis than a papule
-ie: fibroma, intradermal nevi
🗑
|
||||
| What is a cyst? | -primary skin lesion
-encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subQ
-ie: sebaceous cyst
🗑
|
||||
| macule vs papule | -macule: color change that is flat, circumscribed and less than 1 cm (freckle, petechiae)
-papule: something you can feel, caused by superficial thickening of the epidermis (elevated nevus, lichen, wart)
🗑
|
||||
| What is a vesicle? | -primary skin lesion
-elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm
-ie: blister
🗑
|
||||
| Excoriation | -secondary skin lesion
-self-inflicted abrasion
-ie: insect bites, scabies, dermatitis
🗑
|
||||
| keloid | -secondary skin lesion
-hypertrophic scar
🗑
|
||||
| What is associated w/Epididymitis? | -swelling of the epididymis that causes sudden severe pain, red, and enlarged scrotum
-enlarged, reddened scrotum
🗑
|
||||
| Varicocele | -abnormality of scrotum that feel like *"a bag of worms"
🗑
|
||||
| Spermatocele | -abnormality of the scrotum that when palpated it feels like a round, freely movable mass lying above or behind testis...and if large enough can feel like a third testis
🗑
|
||||
| Orchitis | -swelling of 1 testis
-S&S: acute moderate pain, swollen testis, feeling of weight, fever, reddened area
🗑
|
||||
| Scrotal hernia | -non-tender swelling of the scrotum
-signs: swelling, may have pain w/straining
-observation: doesn't transilluminate
-Palpate: soft, mushy mass
🗑
|
||||
| What are hemorrhoids? | -painless, flabby papules due to varicose vein
-result from increased portal venous pressure as it occurs with straining at stool, chronic constipation, pregnancy, obesity, chronic liver disease, and low-fiber diets
🗑
|
||||
| Fecal Impaction | collection of hard, desiccated feces in the rectum due to decreased bowel motility whereby more H20 is removed from the stool
🗑
|
||||
| rectal carcinoma | -asymptomatic
-1/5 are malignant
🗑
|
||||
| What are some signs and observations of BPH? | S: urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, straining to urinate, weak stream
O: symmetric non-tender enlargement, prostate feels smooth, rubbery, or firm, with median sulcus obliterated
🗑
|
||||
| What are some signs and observations of Prostatitis? | S: fever, chills, malaise, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria
O: w/acute inflammation = asymmetric enlargement , w/chronic inflammation = tender enlargement w/boggy feel to isolated firm areas to normal feeling
🗑
|
||||
| When should you start and how often should you have a pap smear/cervical screening? | -begin within 3 years of first having sex or at age 21
-continue annually until age 30 and if you have 3 consecutive normal paps, then you can be screened every 2-3 years
🗑
|
||||
| What is urge incontinence? | involuntary urine loss from overactive detrusor muscle in the bladder
🗑
|
||||
| What is stress incontinence? | involuntary urine loss w/physical strain like sneezing, coughing, laughing, etc
🗑
|
||||
| Vellus hair vs terminal hair | -vellus: fine hair that covers most of body
-terminal: thicker & darker, on scalp, eyebrows, axilla, pubic area
🗑
|
||||
| Tinea pedis | athlete's foot
🗑
|
||||
| Tinea corporis | ringworm
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
kcstoll
Popular Science sets