Gastrointestinal System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| this sphincter prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus | cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| this sphincter regulates the rate of stomach emptying into the small intestin | pylorlic sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| the chief coenzyme of gastric juice which converts proteins into proteases and peptones | pepsin
🗑
|
||||
| necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 | intrinsic factor
🗑
|
||||
| enzyme that controls gastric acidinty | gastrin
🗑
|
||||
| this part of the small intestine contains the openings of the bile and pancreatic ducts | duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| digests starch to maltose | amylase
🗑
|
||||
| reduces maltose to monosaccharide glucose | maltase
🗑
|
||||
| splits lactose into galactose and glucose | lactase
🗑
|
||||
| reduces sucrose to fructose and glucose | sucrase
🗑
|
||||
| splits nuclec acids to nucleotides | nucleose
🗑
|
||||
| activates trypsinogen to trypsin | enterokinase
🗑
|
||||
| these play a vital role in the synthesis of some B vitamins and vitamin K | intestinal bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| prevents contents of the large intestine from entering the ileum | ileocecal valve
🗑
|
||||
| this organ synthesizes glucose, amino acids, and fats | liver
🗑
|
||||
| this organ stores 200 to 400 mL of blood and also filters the blood | liver
🗑
|
||||
| stores and concentrates bile and contracts to force bile into the duodenum during the digestion of fates | gallbladder
🗑
|
||||
| the cystic duct joins the hepatic duct to form | common bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| the presence of fatty materials in the duodenum stimulates the liberation of this, which causes contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi | cholecystokinin
🗑
|
||||
| secretes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of the stomach contents that enter the duodenum | pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| examination of the upper GI tract under fluoroscopy after the patient drinks barium sulfate | barium swallow (upper GI seies)
🗑
|
||||
| after a barium swallow test, the client should be instructed to | increase po fluid until stools resume their normal color
🗑
|
||||
| a fluoroscopic and radiographic examination of the large intestine after the rectal instillation of barium sulfate | barium enema (lower GI series
🗑
|
||||
| the diet restrictions before a barium enema study include | low residue diet for 1-2 days, clear liquid diet day before and laxative the evening before, NPO after midnight
🗑
|
||||
| requires the passage of a NG tube into the stomach to aspirate gastric contents for analysis of acidity, appearance, and volume | gastric analysis
🗑
|
||||
| how long should a patient be NPO before gastric analysis | 8 to 12 hours
🗑
|
||||
| upper GI endoscopy is also known as | esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)
🗑
|
||||
| following sedation, an endoscope is passed down the esophagus to view the gastric wall, sphincters, and duodenum | EGD
🗑
|
||||
| how long should a patient remain NPO following EGD | 1 to 2 hours
🗑
|
||||
| use of a rigid scope to examine the anal canal | anoscopy
🗑
|
||||
| before anoscopy, proctoscopy, and sigmoidoxcopy enemas are given until | returns are clear
🗑
|
||||
| a fiberoptic endoscopy study in which the lining of the large intestine is visually examined | colonoscopy
🗑
|
||||
| following endoscopic examinations, guarding of the abdomen, increased fever and chills, pallor, abdominal distensiona and pain, restlessness, tachycardia, and tachypnea are signs of | bowel perforation; peritonitis
🗑
|
||||
| performed with a fiberoptic laparoscope that allows direct visualization of organs and structures within the abdomen | laparoscopy (peritoneoscopy)
🗑
|
||||
| performed to detect gallstones and to assess the ability of the gallbladder to fill, concentrate its contents, contract, and empty | cholecystography
🗑
|
||||
| before colecystography, patient should be assessed for allergies to | iodine or seafood
🗑
|
||||
| examination of the hepatiobiliary system performed via a flexible endoscope inserted into the esophagus to the descending duodenum | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
🗑
|
||||
| examination involving injection of dye directly into the biliary tree | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
🗑
|
||||
| transabdominal removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity for analysis | paracentesis
🗑
|
||||
| why should a patient void before paracentesis is performed? | to move the bladder out of the way of the paracentesis needle
🗑
|
||||
| how is a patient positioned for parcentesis? | upright on edge of bed, or fowlers if bedridden
🗑
|
||||
| needle inserted through the abdominal wall to the liver to obtain a tissue sample for biopsy and microscopic evaluation | liver biopsy
🗑
|
||||
| these laboratory values should be checked before a liver biopsy is performed | PT, PTT, INR
🗑
|
||||
| patient should like on this side for this long after a liver biopsy | right side, two hours
🗑
|
||||
| urea breath test detects the presence of ________, which is the bacteria that causes perptic ulcer disease | heicobacter pylori
🗑
|
||||
| __________ is released during liver damage or biliary obstruction | alkaline phosphatase, (bilirubin is also an acceptable answer)
🗑
|
||||
| prothrombin time is _________ with liver damage | prolonged
🗑
|
||||
| _________________ assesses the ability of the liver to deanimate protein byproducts | serum ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| liver enzymes are ______________ with liver damage | elevated
🗑
|
||||
| an increase in _________ indicates pancreatitis or biliary obstruction | cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| increased values of amylase and lipase indicate __________ | pancreatitis
🗑
|
||||
| normal bowel sounds occur every __ to ___ seconds | 5 to 15
🗑
|
||||
| how long must you listen before assuming that bowel sounds are absent? | 5 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| backflow of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux
🗑
|
||||
| causes of GERD | incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric stenosis, or motility disorders
🗑
|
||||
| also known as esophageal or diaphragmatic hernia | hiatal
🗑
|
||||
| inflammation of the stomach or gastric mucosa | gastritis
🗑
|
||||
| in chronic gastritis, a deficiency of this vitamin may develop | B12
🗑
|
||||
| ulceration in the mucosal wall of the stomach, pylorus, duodenum, or esophagus | peptic ulcer
🗑
|
||||
| the proper order for performing an abdominal assessment | inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate
🗑
|
||||
| chronic gastritis is distuinguished from acute gastritis by the following symptoms in addition to nausea, vomiting, and anorexia | belching, heartburn after eating, sour taste in mouth, vitamin B12 deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| ulcers are named according to their _____ | location
🗑
|
||||
| most common sites of peptic ulcers | stomach and duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| mucosal barrier protectants should be administered... | 1 hour before meals
🗑
|
||||
| pain with gastric ulcers is usually located in ___________ and occurs ________ after meals | mid or left epigastric, 30 to 60 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| pain with duodenal ulcers is usually located in ___________ and occurs _________ after meals | midepigastric, 1.5 to 3 hours
🗑
|
||||
| removal of the stomach with attachment of the esophagus to the jejunum or duodenum | total gastrectomy (esophagojejunostomy or esophagoduodenostomy)
🗑
|
||||
| surgical division of the vagus nerve to eliminate the vagal impulses that stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach | vagotomy
🗑
|
||||
| removal of the lower halv of the stomach and usually includes a vagotomy | gastric resection or antrectomy
🗑
|
||||
| partial gastrectomy with the remaining segment anastomosed to the duodenum | billroth I, or gastroduodenostomy
🗑
|
||||
| partial gastrectomy with the remaining segment anastomosed to the jejunum | billroth II, or gastrojejunostomy
🗑
|
||||
| enlargement of the pylorus to prevent or decrease pyloric obstruction and enhance gastric emptying | pyloroplasty
🗑
|
||||
| should an NG tube be irrigated following gastric surgery? | no
🗑
|
||||
| rapid emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine that occurs following gastric resection | dumping syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| loud gurgles indicating hyperperistalsis; stomach growling | borborygmi
🗑
|
||||
| results from a deficiency of intrinsic factor | pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
🗑
|
||||
| signs of pernicious anemia | smooth, beefy red tongue, parasthesias of hands and feet, gait a balance disturbances
🗑
|
||||
| to prevent dumping syndrome, this diet should be followed | high protein, high fat, low carbohydrate
🗑
|
||||
| foods that contain vitamin B12 | yeast, citrus fruits, dried beans, green leafy vegetables, liver, nuts, organ meats
🗑
|
||||
| following bariatric surgery, the patient is restricted to liquid and pureed food for how many weeks | 6
🗑
|
||||
| dilated and tortuous veins in the submucosa of the esophagus | esophageal varices
🗑
|
||||
| esophageal varices are caused by ______ _________ | portal hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| how should a patient with esophageal varices be positioned? | head elevated
🗑
|
||||
| this medication is administered to induce vasoconstriction and reduce bleeding of esophageal varices | vasopressin
🗑
|
||||
| this medication is administered in conjunction with vasopressin to prevent vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries (in treatment of bleeding esophageal varices) | nitroglycerin
🗑
|
||||
| this should be avoided by a patient with esophageal varices | vasovagal responses
🗑
|
||||
| the injection of a sclerosing agent into and around bleeding varices | sclerotherapy or endoscopic injection
🗑
|
||||
| ligation of varices with an elastic rubber band | endoscopic variceal ligation
🗑
|
||||
| this type of ulcerative colitis results in vascular congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and ulceration of the bowel mucosa | acute
🗑
|
||||
| this type of ulcerative colitis causes muscular hypertrophy, fat deposits, and fibrous tissue with bowel shortening, thickening, and narrowing | chronic
🗑
|
||||
| key signs of ulcerative colitis | severe diarrhea with blood and mucus, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, vitamin K deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| ulcerative colitis can be cured by | protocolectomy with permanent ileostomy
🗑
|
||||
| intraabdominal pouch that stores the feces constructed from the terminal ileum | kock pouch
🗑
|
||||
| before colostomy/ileostomy, intestinal antiseptics and antibiotics are administered to | decrease baceria in the colon
🗑
|
||||
| normal stoma color is | bright pink or red, and shiny
🗑
|
||||
| key signs of crohn's disease | crampy colicky pain after meals, semisolid diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
🗑
|
||||
| surgery for this inflammatory bowel disease is avoided because recurrence of the disease process is likely to occur | crohn's disease
🗑
|
||||
| outpouching or herniation of the intestinal mucosa | diverticulosis
🗑
|
||||
| inflammation of one or more diverticula | diverticulitis
🗑
|
||||
| a perforated diverticulum can progress to | peritonitis
🗑
|
||||
| key signs of diverticulosis/itis | LLQ pain that increases with coughing, straining or lifting, palpable, tender rectal mass, blood in stools
🗑
|
||||
| dilated varicose veins of the anal canal | hemorrhoids
🗑
|
||||
| _________ are caused by portal hypertension, straining, irritation, or increased venous or abdominal pressure | hemorrhoids
🗑
|
||||
| key sign of hemorrhoids | pain and bright red bleeding on defecation
🗑
|
||||
| how often should sitz baths be used | 3 to 4 times per day
🗑
|
||||
| key sign for appendicitis | abdominal pain most intense at McBurney's point, rebound tenderness
🗑
|
||||
| how will a patient with acute appendicitis usually position themselves? | side lying with abdominal guarding and knees flexed
🗑
|
||||
| inflammation of the peritoneum | peritonitis
🗑
|
||||
| following appendectomy with appendix rupture, how should a patient be positioned | right side lying or low to semi fowlers with legs flexed to facilitat drainage
🗑
|
||||
| chronic, progressive disease of the liver characterized by diffuse degeneration and destruction of hepatocytes | cirrhosis
🗑
|
||||
| cirrhosis that is alcohol induced, nutritional, or portal | laennec's
🗑
|
||||
| cirrhosis as a complication of acute viral hepatitis or exposure to hepatotoxins | postnecrotic
🗑
|
||||
| cirrhosis as a complication of chronic biliary obstruction, bile stasis, or obstructive jaundice | biliary
🗑
|
||||
| cirrhosis associated with severe right sided congestive heart failure | cardiac
🗑
|
||||
| persistent increase in pressure within the portal vein that develops as a result of obstruction to flow | portal hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| the accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that results from venous congestion of the hepatic capillaries | ascites
🗑
|
||||
| progressive renal failure associated with hepatic failure | hepatorenal syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| a patient with ascites would have a dietary restriction of | sodium and fluid
🗑
|
||||
| coarse tremor chacterized by rapid, nonrhythmic extension and flexion in the wrist and fingers | asterixis
🗑
|
||||
| fruity, musty breath odor of severe chronic liver disease | fetor hepaticus
🗑
|
||||
| this medication decreases the pH of the bowel, decreases production of ammonia by bacteria in the bowel, and facilitates the excretion of ammonia | lactulose (chronulac)
🗑
|
||||
| this mecications inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and decreases the production of ammonia | neomycin; metronidazole (flagyl)
🗑
|
||||
| this type of cholecystitis results when inefficient bile emptying and gallbladder muscle wall disease cause a fibrotic and contracted gallbladder | chronic
🗑
|
||||
| this type of cholecystitis occurs in the absence of gallstones and is due to bacterial invasion via the lymphatic or vascular systems | acalucous
🗑
|
||||
| key signs of cholecystitis | epigastric pain 2 to 4 hours after eating fatty foods, pain in RUQ, Murphy's sign (inability to take a deep breath when the examiner's fingers are passed below the hepatic margin)
🗑
|
||||
| removal of the gallbladder | cholecystectomy
🗑
|
||||
| incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone | choledocholithectomy
🗑
|
||||
| these two activities should be encouraged following gallbladder surgery to avoid respiratory complications | coughing, deep breathing
🗑
|
||||
| acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas with associated escape of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissue | pancreatitis
🗑
|
||||
| key signs of pancreatitis | midepigastric or LUQ pain that is aggravated by a fatty meal, alcohol, or lying in a recumbent position
🗑
|
||||
| discoloration of the abdomen and periumbilical area (pancreatitis) | cullen's sign
🗑
|
||||
| discoloration of the flanks (pancreatitis) | turner's sign
🗑
|
||||
| elevated serum lipase and amylase are indicators of | pancreatitis
🗑
|
||||
| signs of chronic pancreatitis | LUQ mass, seatorrhea and foul smelling stools, diabetes mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| the first stage of hepatitis preceding the appearance of jaundice; flu like symptoms | preicteric stage
🗑
|
||||
| the second stage of hepatitis which includes the appearance of jaundice and associated symptoms such as elevated bilirubin levels, dark urine, and clay colored stools | icteric stage
🗑
|
||||
| the convalexcent stage of hepatitis in which jaundice decreases and urine and stool color return to noromal | posticteric stage
🗑
|
||||
| how is hepatitis A most commonly transmitted | fecal-oral route
🗑
|
||||
| how is hepatitis B most commonly transmitted | parenterally
🗑
|
||||
| how is hepatitis C most commonly transmitted | parenterally
🗑
|
||||
| how is hepatitis D most commonly transmitted | parenterally, and only in conjunction with hepatitis B
🗑
|
||||
| How is hepatitis E most commonly transmitted | contaminated water
🗑
|
||||
| how is hepatitis G most commonly transmitted | parenterally
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ewoff85
Popular Nursing sets