Maternal Chapter 25
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| Amniocentesis | Removing a small amount of amniotic fluid by passing a needle through the abdominal wall.
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| Antepartal | First period of the maternity cycle, begins with inception and ends with the onset of labor.
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| Ballottement | Technique that involves palpating the uterus in such a way that that the examiner feels the rebound of the floating fetus.
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| Blastocyst | The embryonic form; a spherical mass of cells having a central fluid-filled cavity surrounded by two layers of cells.
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| Chorionic Villa | Tiny vascular protrusions on the choronic surface that project into the maternal blood sinuses of the uterus and help form the placenta.
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| Ectoderm | Outer layer of embryonic tissue giving rise to skin, nails, and hair.
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| Endoderm | The innermost of embryonic cell layers, which develop into the lining of cavities and passages of the body and the covering of most internal organs.
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| Mesoderm | The middle layer of embryonic germ cells giving rise to all types of muscles, connective tissue, bone marrow, blood, lymphoid tissue, and all epithelial tissue.
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| Teratogenic agents | Any drug, virus, or irradiation that can cause malformation of the fetus.
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| Teratogen | A nongenetic factor that causes malformations and disease syndromes in utero.
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| Wharton's Jelly | A gelatinous tissue that remains when the embryonic body stalk blends with the yolk sac within the umbilical cord.
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| Ectopic Pregnancy | The implantation of the fertilized ovum occurs outside of the uterine cavity.
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| Flagellation | Whip-like movement of the sperm.
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| Naegele's Rule | A standard way of calculating the due date for a pregnancy. The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP).
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| Goodell's Sign | An indication of pregnancy, significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix.
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| Hegar's Sign | An indication of pregnancy, softening of the lower uterine segment with two hands.
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| Gravita | A woman who is or has been pregnant, regardless of the duration or outcome of the pregnancy.
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| Primigravida | One pregnancy.
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| Nulligravida | No pregnancy's.
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| Multigravida | A woman who has given birth two or more times at 20 or more weeks.
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| Para | Number of pregnancies that have progressed to 20 or more weeks at delivery, whether the fetus was born alive or stillborn; refers to the number of pregnancies, not the number of fetuses.
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| Primipara | A woman that has given birth once after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks.
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| Nullipara | No births.
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| Multipara | Multiple births.
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| Implantation | Embedding of the fertilized ovum in the uterine mucosa.
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| Intrapartal | Period that begins with the onset of labor and ends with delivery of the placenta.
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| Postpartal | Period that starts after deliver of the placenta and lasts for approximately 6 weeks or until the reproductive organs return to the pre-pregnancy state.
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| Lanugo | Fine hair characteristic of the fetus between 20 weeks of gestation and birth.
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| Morula | Developmental stage of the fertilized ovum in which there is a solid mass of cells resembling a mulberry.
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| 1st Trimester | Weeks 1-13.
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| 2nd Trimester | Weeks 14-26.
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| 3rd Trimester | Weeks 27 through gestation.
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| Zygote | Cell formed by the union of two reproductive cells.
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| Amniotic Fluid Contents | Albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, lecithin, sphingomyelin, fructose, fat, leukocytes, proteins, epithelial cells, enzymes, and lanugo.
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| Ultrasonography | High-frequency sound waves used to visualize fetus to help determine gestational age, monitor fetal growth, see number of fetuses, location of placenta, and note presence of anomalies.
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| Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein(AFP) Screening | Blood test to identify birth defects and anomalies such as Down Syndrome or neural tube defects.
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| Amniocentesis | Aspiration of small amount of amniotic fluid to reveal sex and chromosomal abnormalities, health status, and maturity of fetus. Performed at 16 weeks to detect abnormalities and later to determine fetal lung maturity.
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| Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) | Aspiration of small amount of tissue from the placenta to detect genetic disorders.
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| Nonstress Test (NST) | Fetal movement and heart rate recorded by external fetal monitors to evaluate the response of the fetal heart rate to movement. Performed when risk is present for placental insufficiency, after the 27-30th week of pregnancy.
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| Contraction Stress Test | The response of fetal heart rate to decreased oxygen supply during uterine contractions measured via external fetal monitoring. Performed after 32nd week of pregnancy by stimulation of uterine contractions.
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Non invasive tool that provides images of soft tissue.
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| Daily Fetal Movement Count | Measurement of fetal movement as an indicator of fetal health.
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| A 25 yr old woman come to the clinic and says she thinks she is pregnant. Her last period was July 20th. What would be the expected date of birth? | April 27th.
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| The patient reports experiencing nausea, vomiting, and breast tenderness along with missing her period. These symptoms are considered to be what type of signs of pregnancy? | Presumptive.
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| A pregnant patient at her third office visit asks the nurse, "What can I do when my leg goes into a cramp?" the patient demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instruction regarding relief of leg cramps if she: | Extends her leg and dorsiflexes her foot during the cramp.
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| The patient asks the nurse how she will know when she first feels the baby move. The best explanation is that the movement: | Is flutterlike and is called Quickening.
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| While giving a health history to the nurse, the patient reports that she usually has a glass of wine with dinner. What is the safe level of alcohol intake for her during her pregnancy? | No Alcohol.
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| The nurse explains to the patient that she should contact her health care provider if she experiences any of the danger signs of pregnancy. Which symptom is a danger sign during pregnancy? | Severe headaches.
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| During the third trimester, patients often complain of various discomforts. Which discomfort would not be expected at this time? | Dysurea.
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| A test that may be done in late pregnancy to determine fetal well-being is the non-stress test. This test is based on which phenomenon? | Fetal heart rate increases in connection with fetal movement.
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| Costipation is a frequent complaint as a pregnancy progresses. Which measure would be best to recommend to relieve constipation? | Drink 6-8 glasses of water daily.
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| At one of her prenatal visits, the patient is scheduled for a sonogram. Sonography cannot be used to asses what? | Down Syndrome.
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| Which symptom would be considered a first-trimester warning sign and should be reported immediately to the health care provider? | Vaginal Bleeding.
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| A pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation jogs three or four times per week. She is concerned about the effect of exercise on the fetus. The nurse should inform her that: | You may find that you need to modify your exercising to walking later in your pregnancy, around the seventh month.
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| A woman at 23 weeks of gestation calls to tell the nurse she thinks she is leaking fluid from her vagina. The nurse should tell her: | Come to the office right away.
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| A woman admitted in labor has an obstetric history indicating that she has had three children, all of whom are living. One was born at 39, 34, and 35 weeks. What are her gravidity and parity using GTPAL? | 4-1-2-0-3
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| The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is: | Fetal movement palpated by the primary caregiver.
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| An expectant father confides in the nurse that his pregnant wife is driving him crazy."One minute she seems happy and the next minute she's unhappy, then she's crying over nothing at all. Is there something wrong with her? The nurse's best response is: | This is called emotional lability and is related to hormone changes and anxiety during pregnancy. The mood swings will subside as she adjusts to being pregnant.
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| When planning a diet with a pregnant woman, the nurse's first action would be to: | Review the woman's dietary intake.
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| A pregnant woman at 32 weeks of gestation complains of feeling dizzy and lightheaded while her fundal height is being measured. Her skin is pale and moist. The nurse's initial response would be to: | Turn the woman on her side.
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| When obtaining a reproductive health history from a female patient, the nurse should: | Explain the purpose of questions asked and how they will be used.
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| After admitting a new patient to the maternity unit, the nurse writes a care plan. This process of determining outcomes and interventions is which stage of the nursing process? | Planning.
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| Abortion | Spontaneous or elective termination of pregnancy before the twentieth week of gestation.
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstruation; either a delay of the first menstruation (primary amenorrhea) or cessation of menstruation after its initiation.
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| Braxton Hicks Contractions | Irregular, usually mild uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy and before stronger in the last trimester.
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| Chadwick's Sign | Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.
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| Diastasis Recti | Separation of the longitudinal muscles of the abdomen (rectus abdominis) during pregnancy.
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| Gyperemia | Excess blood in an area of the body.
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| Melasma | Brownish pigmentation of the face during pregnancy; also called chloasma and "mask of pregnancy".
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| Physiologic Anemia of Pregnancy | Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values caused by dilution of erythrocytes by expanded plasma volume rather than by an actual decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
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| Post-Term Birth | A birth that occurs after the 42nd week of gestation.
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| Preterm Birth | A birth that occurs before 38 weeks of gestation.
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| Term Birth | A birth that occurs between 38 and 42 weeks of gestation.
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| Striae Gravidarum | Irregular reddish streaks on the woman's abdomen, breasts, and thighs resulting from tears in connective tissue.
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| Presumptive Indications of Pregnancy | Amenorrhea, N/V, fatigue, urinary frequency, breast/skin changes, cervical color changes, and quickening.
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| Probable Indications of Pregnancy | Abdominal enlargement, cervical softening, changes in uterine consistency, ballottement, braxton hicks contractions, palpation of fetal outline, and positive result of pregnancy tests.
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| Positive Indications of Pregnancy | Auscultation of fetal heart sounds, fetal movements felt by examiner, and visualization of embryo or fetus.
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