anatomy of the heart
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Apex | located at the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line; this represents the tip of the left ventricle
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| Base | located at the second intercostal space behind the sternum on the posterior aspect of the heart; it lies adjacent to the vertebral bodies of T6 through T9.
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| Endocardium | A thin outer layer of tissue that lines the inside surface of the heart and valves.
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| Epicardium | the outer layer of the cardiac wall that covers the surface to protect against trauma or infection.
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| Myocardium | the thick layer of muscle of the geart that provides the pumping force for the ventricles
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| Pericardium | a double walled connective tissue sac (fibrous layer and serous layer) that surrounds the heart and protects it from trauma or infection.
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| Right atrium | receives venous blood from the superior and inferior vena cava.
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| Right ventricle | recieves venous blood from the right atrium through the tricupid valve. pushes blood into the pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation.
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| Left atrium | receives arterial blood from the pulmonary veins.
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| left ventricle | receives blood from the left atrium. pushes vlood into the aorta and the systemic circulation.
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| Tricuspid valve | prevents right ventricular blood from going back into the right atrium.
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| pulmonic valve | prevents vlood from returning to the right ventricle.
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| Mitral valve | prevents left ventricular blood from returning to the left atrium.
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| aortic valve | prevents the systemic vlood from returning to the left ventricle.
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| atrioventricular valves | blood from each atria flows to each ventricle through these valves. the valves close upon ventricular contraction to avoid backflow.
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| Semiulnar valves | blood from each vventricle flows out of the heart through these valves. the valves close upon the suvsequent diastole to avoid backflow of the blood into the heart.
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| Aorta | Largest artery which carries the total cardiac output. divisions include the carotids, sublavians, and descending aorta.
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| Ascending Aorta | provides blood to the head, neck, and arms.
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| Descending aorta | provides blood to the lower body and visceral tissues.
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| superior vena cava | the primary vein that drains venous blood from the head, neck, and upper body into the right atrium.
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| Inferior vena cava | the primary vein that drains venous blood from the lower body and viscera into the right atrium.
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| Pulmonary artery | the primary artery that carries blood to the lungs from the right ventricl.
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dmckoy23
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