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www.pharmteacher.com PARKINSONS

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Question
Answer
Parkinson's disease is due to a LACK of which CNS neurotransmitter?   dopamine  
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During Parkinson’s treatment, what happens when dopamine levels are too high?   dyskinesias & psychiatric disturbances  
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List side effects of dopaminergic Parkinson's drugs:   N/V, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, psychiatric disturbances, dyskinesias  
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List side effects of anticholinergic Parkinson’s drugs:   dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, & tachycardia  
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Describes the term "extrapyramidal side effects”:   Parkinsonism-like movement disorders: tremor, bradykinesia, gait abnormalities  
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Which types of medications CAUSE extrapyramidal side effects?   dopamine blockers like the antipsychotics  
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Why is carbidopa added to levodopa in the medication Sinemet?   carbidopa helps more levodopa reach the brain  
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This antiemetic is a dopamine blocker:   metoclopramide (Reglan) & phenothiazines like prochlorperazine (Compazine)  
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Neuronal destruction in this area of the brain is most affected in Parkinson’s disease:   substantia nigra  
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List symptoms of Parkinson’s disease:   tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural and gait abnormalities  
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List the facial expressions/movements that may be limited in a Parkinson’s patient:   less blinking, reduced facial expressions, drooling, impaired swallowing, soft and difficult annunciation  
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How do the Parkinson’s drugs work?   they either increase dopamine or dopamine activity or block acetylcholine activity  
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What is the on-off phenomenon?   abrupt transient fluctuations in severity of symptoms specific to levodopa/carbidopa; bradykinesia vs dyskinesias seen after long-term therapy  
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This drug is FDA approved for restless leg syndrome   the dopamine receptor agonists, pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip)  
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The anticholinergic Parkinson’s work best to treat ______ while the dopamine active drugs work better to treat _____:   anticholinergics work best to treat TREMOR & DROOLING while the dopamine active drugs work better to treat BRADYKINESIA  
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