Adult Health Ch. 5
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| Leukoplakia | White, firmly attached patch on the mouth or tongue mucosa; nonsloughing lesions
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| Lekoplakia occurs frequently in... | Men 50-70 years old
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| Carcinoma of the esophagus | Malignant epithelial neoplasm that has been diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma
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| Carcinoma of the esoophagus occur mostly... | 55-70 years old
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| Most common symptom of carcinoma of the esophagus | Progressive dysphagia
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| Esophagogastrectomy | Resection of a lower esophageal section with a proximal portion of the stomach; anastomosis of remaining pats of the esophagus and stomach
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| Esophagogastrostomy | Resection of a portion of the esophagus with anstomosis to the stomach
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| Esophagoenterostomy | Resection of the esophagus and anastomosis to a portion of the colon
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| Gastrostomy | Insertion of a catheter into the stomach and suture to the abdominal wall
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| Endoscopy | Direct visualization of the upper GI tract by a long, fiberoptic flexible scope; can also remove polyps, coagulate sources of active bleeding and perform scleropathy
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| Endoscopy enables evaluation of... | Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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| Upper GI series | Consists of a series of radiographs of the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using barium sulfate as contrast
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| Upper GI patients | Should be NPO after midnight before the study and should not smoke
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| Peptic Ulcers | Ulcerations of the mucous membrane or deeper structures of the GI tract
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| Peptic ulcers result from | Acid and pepsin imbalances
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| Stomach surface mucosa is renewed | About every 3 days
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| Most common site of a gastric ulcer | Distal half of the stomach
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| Carcinoma of the esophagus diagnostic test | Barium swallow with fluoroscopy and endoscopy
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| Occult blood tests also called | Guiac, hemoccult, hematest
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| Peptic ulcers most commonly occur | In the stomach and duodenum
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| Common age for peptic ulcers | Between 25 and 50
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| Achalasia | Also called cardiospasm; abnormal condition with the inability of the cardiac sphincter to relax
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| Achalasia is more prevalent | Between 20 and 50
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| Primary symptom of achalasia | Dysphagia; patient has sensation of food sticking in the lower esophagus
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| Diagnostics of achalasia | Radiography, manometry, and esophagoscopy
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| Bernstein test | Esophageal funtion stuy
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| Bernstein test | An acid-perfusion test to reproduce symptoms of esophageal reflux by instillation of hydrochloric acid into the esophagus
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| Bernstein test nursing interventions | Avoid sedating patient, NPO for 8 hours and withhold medications that may interfere with acid production
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| Candidiasis | Infection caused by candida
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| Candida | Fungal organism present in the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina
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| Candidiasis also called | Thrush or moniliasis
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| Candidiasis appears | Bluish white "milk curd" membranous lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue and larynx
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| Antacids | Neutralize or reduce the acidity of stomach contents
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| Histamine receptor blockers | Decrease acid secretions by blocking histamine receptors
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| Proton pump inhibitors | Antisecretory agents that inhibit secretion of gastrin by parietal cells of the stomach
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| Mucosal healing agent | Accelerates ulcer healing by forming an ulcer-adherant complex that covers the ulcer and protects it
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| Antisecretory and cytoprotective agent | Inhibits acid secretion and protects gastric mucosa
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| Histamine receptor blockers usually end in... | -dine
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| Proton pump inhibitors usually end in... | -azole
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| Antisecretory agent | Cytotec
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| Ulcerative colitis area of involvement | Mucosa or submucosa of the colon
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| Ulcerative colitis characteristics of stools | Blood present, no fat, 15-20 stools per day
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| GERD | Backflow of stomach acid up into the esophagus
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| GERD thought to be caused | When the LES is weakened or experiences prolonged relaxation
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| Pyrosis | Heart burn
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| Odynophagia | Painful swallowing
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| GERD diagnostic | 24 hour pH monitoring using specially designed probes
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| GERD medications | Anatacids, histamine receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors
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| Fundoplication | Surgical procedure to strengthen the sphincter
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| The most common site for gastric ulcers | Distal half of the stomach
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| Achalasia | cardiospasm
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| Shock | Tachycardia and hypotension
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