AP Style
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Capitalize title when it preceeds _____________________. | a name
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| Presidency: lowercase or uppercase? | ALWAYS lowercase: presidency
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| Elected officials: capitalized or not capitalized? | Capitalized
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| He said _______________ Barack Obama will meet with __________ ______________ Joe Biden tomorrow. | He said President Barack Obama will meet with VIce President Joe Biden tomorrow.
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| Lowercase titles when it ___________ a name or stands ____________. | Lowercase titles when it follows a name or stands alone.
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| When do titles come after the name? | When they are long.
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| Jobs/Job descriptions: Lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase!
Ex: ..and gardener John C. Jones
...included rookie left-hand pitcher Bill Bryant
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| false titles: Uppercase or Lowercase? | Lowercase!
ex: The speaker was defense attorney John K. Paul
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| Astronaut: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase! not a formal title
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| Professor is (lowercase/uppercase) before a name | Lowercase!
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| (Astronaut/astronaut) John Glenn landed on the moon. | astronaut
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| Have you had Professor/professor Robert Agne yet? | professor (before a name)
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| Union/union? | Union - when referring to the United States
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| Republic/republic? | Republic - when referring to the United States
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| Colonies/colonies? | Colonies - when referring to the United Stated
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| Republic of Korea/republic of Korea? | Republic of Korea
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| French Fifth Republic/French fifth Republic/French fifth republic? | French Fifth Republic
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| Congress/congress? | Congress - when referring to U.S. or specific state body
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| Senate/senate? | Senate - when referring to U.S. or specific state body
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| The (House/house) of Representatives met today on Capitol Hill. | House of Representatives
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| Cabinet/cabinet? | Cabinet - when referring to U.S. or specific state body
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| Legislature/legislature? | Legislature - when referring to U.S. or specific body
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| The (Capitol/capital) building was subject to a terrorist attack. | Capitol - building
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| The (Capitol/capital) of Alabama is Montgomery. | capital - state capitals
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| When do you capitalize committee? | when used in their full names
ex: The Senate Judiciary Committee met at noon.
The House Ways and Means Committee recessed.
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| When do you lowercase committee? | When it stands alone
ex: The committee recessed early.
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| subcommittee: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase always!
ex: The Senate Judiciary subcommittee on rules meets tomorrow.
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| Names of organizations: Capitalized or Lowercase? | Capitalized IF FULL NAME.
ex: Birmingham Junior Chamber of Commerce
ex: Interstate Commerce Commission
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| Kappa Theta (Fraternity/fraternity) | Kappa Theta fraternity. - fraternity is not a part of the name of the organization!
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| Boy Scout (Troup/troup) | Boy Scout Troup
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| Commission: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase - when standing alone!
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| The (Supreme Court/Supreme court/supreme court) met yesterday due to a civil liberties case that created much debate. | Supreme Court
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| (6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals/Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals/6th U.S. Circuit court of appeals) | 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
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| (Juvenile Court/juvenile court)? | Juvenile Court
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| (District Court/district court)? | District Court
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| The boy's theft case was tried in (Juvenile Court/juvenile court). | Juvenile Court
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| The murder case was tried in (District Court/district court). | District Court
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| (Juvenile Court Judge/Juvenile Judge) William Sanders tried the armed robbery case. | Juvenile Court Judge
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| What is the difference between a title and a job description? | title is Capitalized, a job description is not.
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| He received (Social Security/social security) payments. | Social Security
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| He advocates (Social Security/social security) for the aged. | social security
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| When is Social Security lowercase? | when it is used in a general sense.
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| When is Social Security capitalized? | when it is referring to the U.S. system: Social Security Administration/Social Security Act
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| The (Army/army) unit was sent to Iraq on a mission. | Army
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| He is a member of the (Air Force/air force) | Air Force
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| The (Marines/marines) is a division of the (Navy/navy) | Marines; Navy
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| The (National Guard/national guard) was send to Tuscaloosa to help with tornado relief. | National Guard
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| The (Coast Guard/coast guard) was attacked by pirates. | Coast Guard
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| The (Coast Guardsman/coast guardsman) rescued the man from the plane crash. | Coast Guardsman
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| The (Soldier/soldier) was ready to be deployed. | soldier
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| The (Marine/marine) was sent on a special operations mission. | Marine
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| Most (Sailors,sailors) are content on the open seas. | sailors
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| (Leatherneck/leatherneck)? | letherneck
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| Capitalize Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, Coast Guard, National Guard when referring to those of the United States | lowercase sailor, soldier, and leatherneck
BUT capitalize Marine, Coast Guardsman
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| Capitalize holidays, historic events, ecclesiastical feasts, fast days, special events, hurricanes, and typhoons. |
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| The (Mother's Day/mother's day) celebration began with breakfast in bed. | Mother's Day
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| The Catholic school cancelled class on (Good Friday/good friday). | Good Friday
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| We all went to the lake on (Labor Day/labor day). | Labor Day
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| The (Battle of the Bulge/battle of the bulge) survivor wrote a book about this historic event. | Battle of the Bulge
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| The Jewish family celebrated (Passover/passover) last night. | Passover
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| We had mass on (Ash Wednesday/ash Wednesday/ash wednesday). | Ash Wednesday
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| She went home for (Christmas/christmas). | Christmas
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| The little boy dressed up as Superman for (Halloween/halloween). | Halloween
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| We ate turkey and stuffing for (Thanksgiving/thanksgiving) dinner. | Thanksgiving
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| To kick off (National Safety Week/national safety week) they handed out rape whistles. | National Safety Week
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| The worst hurricane to hit Louisiana was (Hurricane Katrina/hurricane Katrina). | Hurricane Katrina
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| The aftermath of (Typhoon Tilda/typhoon Tilda) left many homeless. | Typhoon Tilda
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| On (New Year's Day/New Year's day/New Years' Day) we went to see a movie. | New Year's Day
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| She had a party on (New Year's Eve/New Years' Eve/New Years eve). | New Year's Eve
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| We played a prank on (April Fool's Day/April Fools' Day/April Fools Day). | April Fools' Day
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| We went to the park on Groundhog Day/groundhog day) | Groundhog Day
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| What will the (New Year/new year) bring you? | new year
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| At the start of the (New Year/new year) we went on vacation. | new year
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| The war in the (Middle East/middle East/middle east) began nine years ago. | Middle East
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| She bought a house on (Chicago's South Side/Chicago's South side/Chicago's south side) | Chicago's South Side
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| Kentucky and Virginia are considered (Mideast/Mid East/mid East) of the United States. | Mideast
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| In the (Midwest/Mid West/mid West) there is corn. | Midwest
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| The Rio Grande created the border for the (Texas Panhandle/Texas panhandle) | Texas Panhandle
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| In the (Middle West/middle West/middle west) they have a lot of tornados. | Middle West
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| The (Orient/orient) includes countries in the East. | Orient
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| In (Lower/lower) Manhattan apartments are very hard to come by. | Lower Manhattan
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| In the (Deep South, deep South, deep south) hunting and fishing are popular avocations. | Deep South
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| In Europe, (East-West/east-west) relations were strained during World War II. | East-West relations
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| The wall between (East/east) Germany and (West/west) Germany was torn down in 1990. | East Germany; West Germany
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| If you go towards (West/west) Alabama you will head towards Tuscaloosa. | west Alabama
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| Birmingham is in (Central/central) Alabama. | central Alabama
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| Barack Obama was the (Democratic Party's/democratic party's) representative in the 2008 presidential election. | Democratic Party
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| My (Professor/professor) is a (Democrat/democrat. | professor; Democrat
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| The (Republican Party/Republican party/republican party) has yet to elect a candidate for the 2012 presidential election. | Republican Party
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| Obama is a (Socialist/socialist). | Socialist
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| Adolf Hitler was a (Communist/communist). | Communist
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| Ralph Nader is an (Independent/independent). | Independent
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| When do you capitalize Red? | when it is used as a political, geographical or military unit.
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| China advocates (Communism/communism). | communism (same with socialism)
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| (Democratic/democratic) form of government | democratic form of government
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| (Republican/republican) system | republican system
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| Capitalize Names of fraternal organizations and civic clubs. | ex: Lions Club, Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, American Legion
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| We played on the (Knights of Columbus/knights of Columbus) soccer field. | Knights of Columbus
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| Capitalize political parties | ex: Democratic Party, Democrat, Republican Party, Republican, Socialist, Communist, Independent
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| Capitalize ideological and political areas | ex: East-West relations, East Germany
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| Capitalize specific regions | ex: Middle East, Mideast, Middle West, Texas Panhandle, Orient, Chicago's South Side, Lower Manhattan, Deep South
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| (War/war) in Iraq. | war in Iraq - not official name of the war.
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| Church denominations should be capitalized | ex: Catholic, Protestant, Hindu
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| In (The/the) New York Times there was an article on the president. | The New York Times
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| Do you place quotes around the name of a newspaper? | No!
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| Lowercase 'the' before newspaper names if a story mentions several papers, some of which use the as part of the name and some which do not |
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| Where location is needed, but is not part of the official name, use parentheses: | Ex: The Huntsville (Ala.) Times
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| (God/god) is the almighty power (Who/who) created heaven and (Earth/earth). | God the almighty power who created heaven and Earth
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| Jesus is the (Son of God/son of God/son of god). | Son of God
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| In the name of the (Father/father), and of the (Son/son), and of the (Holy Spirit/holy spirit). | Father; Son; Holy Spirit
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| Jesus Christ is our (Redeemer/redeemer). | Redeemer
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| The (God/god) of the (Islamic/islamic) faith is (Allah/allah). | The God of the Islamic faith is Allah.
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| lowercase he, his, him, who whose, and whom when you are talking about an almighty power aka God | Capitalize God, the Father, the Son, the Son of God, the Redeemer, the Holy Spirit, Allah
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| The (Bible/bible), the (Quran/quran), and the (Talmud/talmud) are the religious texts of (Christianity/christianity),( Islam/islam), and (Judaism,judaism). | The Bible, Quran, and Talmud are the religious texts of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
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| Capitalize Bible, Quran, and Talmud and all names of the Bible. | Capitalize the names of all organized religious movements.
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| Capitalize Satan and Hades. | Lowercase heaven, hell and devil
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| Earth is lowercase unless it is referring specifically to the name of planet. | The Earth is round.
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| Capitalize all wars and revolutions | ex: World War II, Revolutionary War, Korean War, Vietnam War, War Between the States, World War I, Bolshevik Revolution
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| The (War Between the States/war between the states) can also be called the (Revolutionary War/revolutionary war) | War Between the States; Revolutionary War
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| The Bolshevik (Revolution/revolution) was in Russia. | Bolshevik Revolution
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| Capitalize the names of races but lowercase red, white, black and yellow | Ex: Caucasian, Chinese, Native American
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| Use racial identification only when pertinent. Do not use racially derogatory terms unless they are part of a quotation that is essential to a story. |
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| Capitalize the common noun as part of the formal name | ex: Hoover Dam, Missouri River, Lee County Courthouse
But lowercase dam, river and courthouse when they are standing alone
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| I had to go to Lee County (Courthouse/courthouse) for my traffic ticket. | Couthouse
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| The Hoover (Dam/dam) was completed in 1936. | Dam
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| The Missouri (River/river) is long. | River
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| We went to the (Courthouse/courthouse) to pay off her parking ticket. | courthouse
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| The (Dam/dam) was being built off the interstate. | dam
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| The (River/river) flooded after the storm. | river
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| Capitalize Empire State Building, Hyatt House, Rainbow Room, Wall Street, Pershing Square, World Trade Center, Twin Towers, etc. |
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| We visited the (Empire State Building/Empire State building/empire state building) while in New York City. | Empire State Building
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| The (Rainbow Room/Rainbow room/rainbow room) is a popular restaurant in New York. | Rainbow Room
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| On September 11th the (Twin Towers/twin towers) fell. | Twin Towers
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| Capitalize trade names and trademark names | ex: Dumpster, Coca-Cola, Deepfreeze, Xerox, Band-Aid
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| Will you hand me a (Band-Aid/band-aid)? | Band-Aid
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| The (Dumpster/dumpster) truck is coming later. | Dumpster
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| I would like a (Coke/coke). | Coke- only use when you are specifically talking about Coca-Cola
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| Please (Xerox/xerox) a copy of that for me please. | Xerox
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| when do you lowercase street, road, and avenue? | lowercase when plural
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| We went down Broad and Main (Streets/streets) while touring the city. | Broad and Main streets
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| Capitalize names of organizations and expositions | ex: Boy Scouts, Red Cross, World's Fair, Alabama State Fair
but lower case scout and fair when standing alone.
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| He joined the (Boy Scouts/boy scouts) when he was young. | Boy Scouts
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| The (Red Cross/red cross) came to campus today for blood donations. | Red Cross
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| At the Alabama (State Fair/state fair) there were horses and rides. | Alabama State Fair
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| Capitalize and place in quotations titles of books, plays, poems, speeches, songs, movies, operas, works of art | Ex: "Tom Sawyer" "My Fair Lady "Mona Lisa"
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| News paper titles: Quotations or Underlined? | neither, newspaper titles are just capitalized
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| Don't put the Bible or books that are primarily catalogs or reference material in quotations |
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| The words "a" "an" "in" "of" "the" "etc" are capitalized only if the first or last word of a title | ex: The New York Times, The Beatles, "In Her Shoes"
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| Capitalize the first word of a quotation which comes after a comma or colon and which makes a complete sentence | ex: He said, "Omit Needless Words."
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| Capitalize fanciful nicknames: | ex: Tigers, Crimson Tide, Sunshine State, Old Glory, the Magic City, the Big Apple, the Big Easy, Sin City
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| We went to the (Big Easy/big easy) for her (21/twenty first) birthday. | Big Easy; 21
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| We cheered on the (Tigers/tigers) while booing the (Crimson Tide/crimson tide) | Tigers; Crimson Tide
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| They went to (Sin City/sin city) on spring break. | Sin City
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| The (Magic City/magic city) is Birmingham Alabama. | Magic City
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| Capitalize medals, decorations, and awards | ex: Silver Star, Purple Heart, Pulitzer Prize, Nobel Prize in Physics, Medal of Honor (NOT Congressional Medal of Honor), Presidential Medal of Freedom (NOT Medal of Freedom)
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| Capitalize: City Council, County Commission...when the reference is to a specific one | ex: The City Council voted on...(Auburn), The County Commission voted...(Lee County), The Department of Education...(Alabama)
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| when are council, commission, and department lowercase? | if not directly referenced and condensed...the council met, the department is down the hall.
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| The (Department of Education/department of education) at Auburn is a large department. | department of education
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| Do not capitalize directional terms (north east west south) | capitalize regions: the North, the South...
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| She went to college in the (South/south). | South
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| We traveled (North/north) to our destination. | north
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| Room numbers: if there is a room number then you capitalize Room, if not then it is lowercase | ex: Room 314, the room is down the hall
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| We were looking for (Room/room) 3234 in the Haley Center. | Room
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| The (Room/room) you're looking for is down the hall. | room
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| In general, spell out the names of firms, organizations, and groups on first mention. Abbreviate thereafter, if there is a commonly known abbreviation. | ex: The American Civil Liberties Union announced Wednesday plans to...ACLU has been an advocate of...
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| The (AFTRA/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) announced Tuesday that there was an issue dealing with Piracy. The (AFTRA/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) continued to say that the music industry took the biggest hit. | American Federation of Television and Radio Artists; AFTRA
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| Abbreviate time zones when used with a specific time | Ex: at 9:30 a.m. CDT
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| Spell out time zones when a specific time in not given | Auburn is on Central Daylight Time
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| Auburn is in the (Central Time Zone/Central time zone/central time zone). | Central time zone
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| Auburn is on (Daylight Saving Time/daylight saving tiime) | daylight saving time (it is not the official name! official name is Central Daylight Time)
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| Abbreviate the names of business firms if the firm in question does so: | ex: Warner Bros, Brown Implement Co., Amalgamated Leather Ltd., Smith & Sons Inc.
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| The (Baltimore & Ohio Railroad/Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) Company wanted to merge with another company. | Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
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| The head of (J.C. Penney Co. Inc/J.C. Penney Company/J.C. Penney Co.) announced the new line. | J.C. Penney Co. Inc.
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| In addresses that include the number, abbreviate St. Ave. Blvd. (StAB), if they do not include numbers, spell out Street, Avenue, Boulevard | Spell out all other road names; Road, Drive, Place, Circle, Lane, Terrace, Court
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| I live on 823 Maxwell (Court/Ct.). | Court
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| We are looking for 674 Jones (Street/St.) | St.
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| On Second (Street/St.) there was a big parade. | Street
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| If the number is given abbreviate N., S., E., W., NW SW NE SE | Ex: 100 Cox St. SW, 9 S. Gay St., 3 E. Magnolia Ave.
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| The bank is 8 (8th/Eighth) (Avenue/Ave.) (SW/S.W.). | The bank is 8 Eighth Ave. SW.
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| Spell out First through Ninth if they are street names, then use figures after ninth | ex: 222 10th Ave., Eighth Avenue Southwest
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| lowercase abbreviations that do not involve proper names. Those that spell words take periods | ex: c.o.d. (collect on delivery/date)
f.o.b. (free on board/father of the bride)
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| Abbreviate versus as vs. (with a period) | It was Auburn vs. Alabama.
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| Auburn (versus/vs.) Oregon was the best game of the year. | vs.
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| Abbreviations for states are NOT the same as postal abbreviations! |
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| What are the eight states that do not get abbreviated? | Alaska, Hawaii, Ohio, Iowa, Idaho, Maine, Texas, Utah
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| Abbreviate states when they follow cities or towns, military bases, national parks, or reservations: | Ex: She was born is Boise, Idaho, and moved to Auburn, Ala., at the age of 18.
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| They lived at Maxwell Air Force Base, (Ala./Alabama), for three years. | Ala. (it's after a military base)
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| Spell out the names of states when they stand alone: | He was born in Alabama and moved to Louisiana at the age of 18.
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| Alabama | Ala.
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| Arizona | Ariz.
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| Alaska | Alaska
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| Arkansas | Ark.
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| California | Calif.
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| Colorado | Colo.
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| Connecticut | Conn.
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| Delaware | Del.
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| Florida | Fla.
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| Georgia | Ga.
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| Hawaii | Hawaii
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| Idaho | Idaho
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| Illinois | Ill.
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| Indiana | Ind.
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| Iowa | Iowa
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| Kansas | Kan.
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| Kentucky | Ky.
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| Louisiana | La.
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| Maryland | Md.
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| Massachussettes | Mass.
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| Michigan | Mich.
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| Minnesota | Minn.
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| Mississippi | Miss.
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| Missouri | Mo.
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| Montana | Mont.
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| Nebraska | Neb.
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| Nevada | Nev.
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| North Carolina | N.C.
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| North Dakota | N.D.
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| New Hampshire | N.H.
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| New Jersey | N.J.
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| New Mexico | N.M.
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| New York | N.Y.
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| Maine | Maine
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| Ohio | Ohio
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| Oklahoma | Okla.
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| Oregon | Ore.
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| Pennsylvania | Pa.
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| Rhode Island | R.I.
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| South Carolina | S.C.
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| South Dakota | S.D.
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| Tennessee | Tenn.
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| Texas | Texas
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| Utah | Utah
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| Vermont | Vt.
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| Virginia | Va.
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| Washington | Wash.
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| W. Va. | West Virginia
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| Wisconsin | Wis.
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| Wyoming | Wyo.
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| Abbreviate Unites States and United Nations in titles when used as ajectives and as nouns | ex: U.S. Chamber of Commerce, U.N. Headquarters, U.S. foreign policy
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| (U.S./United States) foreign policy is a very important diplomatic tool. | U.S. foreign policy
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| The (U.S./United States) Marine Corps is a highly esteemed branch of the military. | U.S. Marine Corps
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| The Greenbrier resort is in White Sulfur Springs, (W. Va./West Virginia). | W. Va.
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| We went to Sacramento, (Calif./California) on vacation. | Calif.
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| We visited the museum in (Ark./Arkansas) on our way to Texas. | Arkansas
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| What months are abbreviated? | Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.
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| What months are not abbreviated? | March, April, May, June, July
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| Abbreviate months only when used as a calendar date, even if there is no year: | Ex: John went to Chicago in January and returned Feb. 3.
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| The Battle of Iwo Jima started in (Feb./February) 1945 when Marines stormed the beach. | February (there is no calendar date)
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| The United States of America was granted freedom on (Jul./July) 4, 1776 | July
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| I was born on (Oct./October) 4. | Oct.
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| Do not abbreviate days of the week | days of the week are capitalized
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| We went to Niffers last (Tuesday/tuesday). | Tuesday
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| Today is (Wed./Wednesday), May 3. | Wednesday - never abbreviate days of the week
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| Do not abbreviate Elizabeth, Benjamin, Charles, etc., unless the person does so | Ex: DO NOT use Liz or Ben or Charlie
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| What is wrong from this sentence? Charlie Jones saved the little boy from drowning. | Charlie - do not abbreviate unless instructed to.
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| The full name of a person normally is used only once in a news story, and that is upon first mention. | Then use last name only and drop the title. NEVER use first name
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|
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| John J. Jones of Auburn received the (Navy Cross/navy cross) today. (John J. Jones/John/Jones), a retired bank clerk, was cited for gallantry in action in 1942 during war. | Navy Cross; Jones
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| Professional titles normally are used on first mention, either before or following the name. | Ex: President Jay Gogue of Auburn University has called for a change in...
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|
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| Dr. Anne-Katrin Gramberg, dean of the College of Liberal Arts, has called a meeting with the student board today. (Dr. Anne-Katrin/The Auburn dean) said that action needed to be taken regarding the student deaths. | The Auburn dean said that action needed to be taken regarding the student deaths.
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| Do NOT abbreviate president, vice president, association, detective, department, deputy, assistant, commandant, manager, general manager, secretary, treasurer professor, district attorney, attorney general, superintendent, Christmas |
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|
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| Titles that should be abbreviated when appearing before the name include Sen., Rep., Gov., Lt. Gov., the Rev., Dr., and police and military titles | ex: Dr. Chad Jones is a heart surgeon at St. Thomas Hospital.
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| (Prof./Professor) Tim Smith gave the lecture. | Professor - never abbreviated!
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|
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| The (v.p./vice president), John Stamps, was elected with the (Pres./President), James Mason. | Vice President; President - Never abbreviate!!
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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