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JRNL 1100
AP Style
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Capitalize title when it preceeds _____________________. | a name |
| Presidency: lowercase or uppercase? | ALWAYS lowercase: presidency |
| Elected officials: capitalized or not capitalized? | Capitalized |
| He said _______________ Barack Obama will meet with __________ ______________ Joe Biden tomorrow. | He said President Barack Obama will meet with VIce President Joe Biden tomorrow. |
| Lowercase titles when it ___________ a name or stands ____________. | Lowercase titles when it follows a name or stands alone. |
| When do titles come after the name? | When they are long. |
| Jobs/Job descriptions: Lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase! Ex: ..and gardener John C. Jones ...included rookie left-hand pitcher Bill Bryant |
| false titles: Uppercase or Lowercase? | Lowercase! ex: The speaker was defense attorney John K. Paul |
| Astronaut: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase! not a formal title |
| Professor is (lowercase/uppercase) before a name | Lowercase! |
| (Astronaut/astronaut) John Glenn landed on the moon. | astronaut |
| Have you had Professor/professor Robert Agne yet? | professor (before a name) |
| Union/union? | Union - when referring to the United States |
| Republic/republic? | Republic - when referring to the United States |
| Colonies/colonies? | Colonies - when referring to the United Stated |
| Republic of Korea/republic of Korea? | Republic of Korea |
| French Fifth Republic/French fifth Republic/French fifth republic? | French Fifth Republic |
| Congress/congress? | Congress - when referring to U.S. or specific state body |
| Senate/senate? | Senate - when referring to U.S. or specific state body |
| The (House/house) of Representatives met today on Capitol Hill. | House of Representatives |
| Cabinet/cabinet? | Cabinet - when referring to U.S. or specific state body |
| Legislature/legislature? | Legislature - when referring to U.S. or specific body |
| The (Capitol/capital) building was subject to a terrorist attack. | Capitol - building |
| The (Capitol/capital) of Alabama is Montgomery. | capital - state capitals |
| When do you capitalize committee? | when used in their full names ex: The Senate Judiciary Committee met at noon. The House Ways and Means Committee recessed. |
| When do you lowercase committee? | When it stands alone ex: The committee recessed early. |
| subcommittee: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase always! ex: The Senate Judiciary subcommittee on rules meets tomorrow. |
| Names of organizations: Capitalized or Lowercase? | Capitalized IF FULL NAME. ex: Birmingham Junior Chamber of Commerce ex: Interstate Commerce Commission |
| Kappa Theta (Fraternity/fraternity) | Kappa Theta fraternity. - fraternity is not a part of the name of the organization! |
| Boy Scout (Troup/troup) | Boy Scout Troup |
| Commission: lowercase or uppercase? | Lowercase - when standing alone! |
| The (Supreme Court/Supreme court/supreme court) met yesterday due to a civil liberties case that created much debate. | Supreme Court |
| (6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals/Sixth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals/6th U.S. Circuit court of appeals) | 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals |
| (Juvenile Court/juvenile court)? | Juvenile Court |
| (District Court/district court)? | District Court |
| The boy's theft case was tried in (Juvenile Court/juvenile court). | Juvenile Court |
| The murder case was tried in (District Court/district court). | District Court |
| (Juvenile Court Judge/Juvenile Judge) William Sanders tried the armed robbery case. | Juvenile Court Judge |
| What is the difference between a title and a job description? | title is Capitalized, a job description is not. |
| He received (Social Security/social security) payments. | Social Security |
| He advocates (Social Security/social security) for the aged. | social security |
| When is Social Security lowercase? | when it is used in a general sense. |
| When is Social Security capitalized? | when it is referring to the U.S. system: Social Security Administration/Social Security Act |
| The (Army/army) unit was sent to Iraq on a mission. | Army |
| He is a member of the (Air Force/air force) | Air Force |
| The (Marines/marines) is a division of the (Navy/navy) | Marines; Navy |
| The (National Guard/national guard) was send to Tuscaloosa to help with tornado relief. | National Guard |
| The (Coast Guard/coast guard) was attacked by pirates. | Coast Guard |
| The (Coast Guardsman/coast guardsman) rescued the man from the plane crash. | Coast Guardsman |
| The (Soldier/soldier) was ready to be deployed. | soldier |
| The (Marine/marine) was sent on a special operations mission. | Marine |
| Most (Sailors,sailors) are content on the open seas. | sailors |
| (Leatherneck/leatherneck)? | letherneck |
| Capitalize Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, Coast Guard, National Guard when referring to those of the United States | lowercase sailor, soldier, and leatherneck BUT capitalize Marine, Coast Guardsman |
| Capitalize holidays, historic events, ecclesiastical feasts, fast days, special events, hurricanes, and typhoons. | |
| The (Mother's Day/mother's day) celebration began with breakfast in bed. | Mother's Day |
| The Catholic school cancelled class on (Good Friday/good friday). | Good Friday |
| We all went to the lake on (Labor Day/labor day). | Labor Day |
| The (Battle of the Bulge/battle of the bulge) survivor wrote a book about this historic event. | Battle of the Bulge |
| The Jewish family celebrated (Passover/passover) last night. | Passover |
| We had mass on (Ash Wednesday/ash Wednesday/ash wednesday). | Ash Wednesday |
| She went home for (Christmas/christmas). | Christmas |
| The little boy dressed up as Superman for (Halloween/halloween). | Halloween |
| We ate turkey and stuffing for (Thanksgiving/thanksgiving) dinner. | Thanksgiving |
| To kick off (National Safety Week/national safety week) they handed out rape whistles. | National Safety Week |
| The worst hurricane to hit Louisiana was (Hurricane Katrina/hurricane Katrina). | Hurricane Katrina |
| The aftermath of (Typhoon Tilda/typhoon Tilda) left many homeless. | Typhoon Tilda |
| On (New Year's Day/New Year's day/New Years' Day) we went to see a movie. | New Year's Day |
| She had a party on (New Year's Eve/New Years' Eve/New Years eve). | New Year's Eve |
| We played a prank on (April Fool's Day/April Fools' Day/April Fools Day). | April Fools' Day |
| We went to the park on Groundhog Day/groundhog day) | Groundhog Day |
| What will the (New Year/new year) bring you? | new year |
| At the start of the (New Year/new year) we went on vacation. | new year |
| The war in the (Middle East/middle East/middle east) began nine years ago. | Middle East |
| She bought a house on (Chicago's South Side/Chicago's South side/Chicago's south side) | Chicago's South Side |
| Kentucky and Virginia are considered (Mideast/Mid East/mid East) of the United States. | Mideast |
| In the (Midwest/Mid West/mid West) there is corn. | Midwest |
| The Rio Grande created the border for the (Texas Panhandle/Texas panhandle) | Texas Panhandle |
| In the (Middle West/middle West/middle west) they have a lot of tornados. | Middle West |
| The (Orient/orient) includes countries in the East. | Orient |
| In (Lower/lower) Manhattan apartments are very hard to come by. | Lower Manhattan |
| In the (Deep South, deep South, deep south) hunting and fishing are popular avocations. | Deep South |
| In Europe, (East-West/east-west) relations were strained during World War II. | East-West relations |
| The wall between (East/east) Germany and (West/west) Germany was torn down in 1990. | East Germany; West Germany |
| If you go towards (West/west) Alabama you will head towards Tuscaloosa. | west Alabama |
| Birmingham is in (Central/central) Alabama. | central Alabama |
| Barack Obama was the (Democratic Party's/democratic party's) representative in the 2008 presidential election. | Democratic Party |
| My (Professor/professor) is a (Democrat/democrat. | professor; Democrat |
| The (Republican Party/Republican party/republican party) has yet to elect a candidate for the 2012 presidential election. | Republican Party |
| Obama is a (Socialist/socialist). | Socialist |
| Adolf Hitler was a (Communist/communist). | Communist |
| Ralph Nader is an (Independent/independent). | Independent |
| When do you capitalize Red? | when it is used as a political, geographical or military unit. |
| China advocates (Communism/communism). | communism (same with socialism) |
| (Democratic/democratic) form of government | democratic form of government |
| (Republican/republican) system | republican system |
| Capitalize Names of fraternal organizations and civic clubs. | ex: Lions Club, Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, American Legion |
| We played on the (Knights of Columbus/knights of Columbus) soccer field. | Knights of Columbus |
| Capitalize political parties | ex: Democratic Party, Democrat, Republican Party, Republican, Socialist, Communist, Independent |
| Capitalize ideological and political areas | ex: East-West relations, East Germany |
| Capitalize specific regions | ex: Middle East, Mideast, Middle West, Texas Panhandle, Orient, Chicago's South Side, Lower Manhattan, Deep South |
| (War/war) in Iraq. | war in Iraq - not official name of the war. |
| Church denominations should be capitalized | ex: Catholic, Protestant, Hindu |
| In (The/the) New York Times there was an article on the president. | The New York Times |
| Do you place quotes around the name of a newspaper? | No! |
| Lowercase 'the' before newspaper names if a story mentions several papers, some of which use the as part of the name and some which do not | |
| Where location is needed, but is not part of the official name, use parentheses: | Ex: The Huntsville (Ala.) Times |
| (God/god) is the almighty power (Who/who) created heaven and (Earth/earth). | God the almighty power who created heaven and Earth |
| Jesus is the (Son of God/son of God/son of god). | Son of God |
| In the name of the (Father/father), and of the (Son/son), and of the (Holy Spirit/holy spirit). | Father; Son; Holy Spirit |
| Jesus Christ is our (Redeemer/redeemer). | Redeemer |
| The (God/god) of the (Islamic/islamic) faith is (Allah/allah). | The God of the Islamic faith is Allah. |
| lowercase he, his, him, who whose, and whom when you are talking about an almighty power aka God | Capitalize God, the Father, the Son, the Son of God, the Redeemer, the Holy Spirit, Allah |
| The (Bible/bible), the (Quran/quran), and the (Talmud/talmud) are the religious texts of (Christianity/christianity),( Islam/islam), and (Judaism,judaism). | The Bible, Quran, and Talmud are the religious texts of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. |
| Capitalize Bible, Quran, and Talmud and all names of the Bible. | Capitalize the names of all organized religious movements. |
| Capitalize Satan and Hades. | Lowercase heaven, hell and devil |
| Earth is lowercase unless it is referring specifically to the name of planet. | The Earth is round. |
| Capitalize all wars and revolutions | ex: World War II, Revolutionary War, Korean War, Vietnam War, War Between the States, World War I, Bolshevik Revolution |
| The (War Between the States/war between the states) can also be called the (Revolutionary War/revolutionary war) | War Between the States; Revolutionary War |
| The Bolshevik (Revolution/revolution) was in Russia. | Bolshevik Revolution |
| Capitalize the names of races but lowercase red, white, black and yellow | Ex: Caucasian, Chinese, Native American |
| Use racial identification only when pertinent. Do not use racially derogatory terms unless they are part of a quotation that is essential to a story. | |
| Capitalize the common noun as part of the formal name | ex: Hoover Dam, Missouri River, Lee County Courthouse But lowercase dam, river and courthouse when they are standing alone |
| I had to go to Lee County (Courthouse/courthouse) for my traffic ticket. | Couthouse |
| The Hoover (Dam/dam) was completed in 1936. | Dam |
| The Missouri (River/river) is long. | River |
| We went to the (Courthouse/courthouse) to pay off her parking ticket. | courthouse |
| The (Dam/dam) was being built off the interstate. | dam |
| The (River/river) flooded after the storm. | river |
| Capitalize Empire State Building, Hyatt House, Rainbow Room, Wall Street, Pershing Square, World Trade Center, Twin Towers, etc. | |
| We visited the (Empire State Building/Empire State building/empire state building) while in New York City. | Empire State Building |
| The (Rainbow Room/Rainbow room/rainbow room) is a popular restaurant in New York. | Rainbow Room |
| On September 11th the (Twin Towers/twin towers) fell. | Twin Towers |
| Capitalize trade names and trademark names | ex: Dumpster, Coca-Cola, Deepfreeze, Xerox, Band-Aid |
| Will you hand me a (Band-Aid/band-aid)? | Band-Aid |
| The (Dumpster/dumpster) truck is coming later. | Dumpster |
| I would like a (Coke/coke). | Coke- only use when you are specifically talking about Coca-Cola |
| Please (Xerox/xerox) a copy of that for me please. | Xerox |
| when do you lowercase street, road, and avenue? | lowercase when plural |
| We went down Broad and Main (Streets/streets) while touring the city. | Broad and Main streets |
| Capitalize names of organizations and expositions | ex: Boy Scouts, Red Cross, World's Fair, Alabama State Fair but lower case scout and fair when standing alone. |
| He joined the (Boy Scouts/boy scouts) when he was young. | Boy Scouts |
| The (Red Cross/red cross) came to campus today for blood donations. | Red Cross |
| At the Alabama (State Fair/state fair) there were horses and rides. | Alabama State Fair |
| Capitalize and place in quotations titles of books, plays, poems, speeches, songs, movies, operas, works of art | Ex: "Tom Sawyer" "My Fair Lady "Mona Lisa" |
| News paper titles: Quotations or Underlined? | neither, newspaper titles are just capitalized |
| Don't put the Bible or books that are primarily catalogs or reference material in quotations | |
| The words "a" "an" "in" "of" "the" "etc" are capitalized only if the first or last word of a title | ex: The New York Times, The Beatles, "In Her Shoes" |
| Capitalize the first word of a quotation which comes after a comma or colon and which makes a complete sentence | ex: He said, "Omit Needless Words." |
| Capitalize fanciful nicknames: | ex: Tigers, Crimson Tide, Sunshine State, Old Glory, the Magic City, the Big Apple, the Big Easy, Sin City |
| We went to the (Big Easy/big easy) for her (21/twenty first) birthday. | Big Easy; 21 |
| We cheered on the (Tigers/tigers) while booing the (Crimson Tide/crimson tide) | Tigers; Crimson Tide |
| They went to (Sin City/sin city) on spring break. | Sin City |
| The (Magic City/magic city) is Birmingham Alabama. | Magic City |
| Capitalize medals, decorations, and awards | ex: Silver Star, Purple Heart, Pulitzer Prize, Nobel Prize in Physics, Medal of Honor (NOT Congressional Medal of Honor), Presidential Medal of Freedom (NOT Medal of Freedom) |
| Capitalize: City Council, County Commission...when the reference is to a specific one | ex: The City Council voted on...(Auburn), The County Commission voted...(Lee County), The Department of Education...(Alabama) |
| when are council, commission, and department lowercase? | if not directly referenced and condensed...the council met, the department is down the hall. |
| The (Department of Education/department of education) at Auburn is a large department. | department of education |
| Do not capitalize directional terms (north east west south) | capitalize regions: the North, the South... |
| She went to college in the (South/south). | South |
| We traveled (North/north) to our destination. | north |
| Room numbers: if there is a room number then you capitalize Room, if not then it is lowercase | ex: Room 314, the room is down the hall |
| We were looking for (Room/room) 3234 in the Haley Center. | Room |
| The (Room/room) you're looking for is down the hall. | room |
| In general, spell out the names of firms, organizations, and groups on first mention. Abbreviate thereafter, if there is a commonly known abbreviation. | ex: The American Civil Liberties Union announced Wednesday plans to...ACLU has been an advocate of... |
| The (AFTRA/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) announced Tuesday that there was an issue dealing with Piracy. The (AFTRA/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) continued to say that the music industry took the biggest hit. | American Federation of Television and Radio Artists; AFTRA |
| Abbreviate time zones when used with a specific time | Ex: at 9:30 a.m. CDT |
| Spell out time zones when a specific time in not given | Auburn is on Central Daylight Time |
| Auburn is in the (Central Time Zone/Central time zone/central time zone). | Central time zone |
| Auburn is on (Daylight Saving Time/daylight saving tiime) | daylight saving time (it is not the official name! official name is Central Daylight Time) |
| Abbreviate the names of business firms if the firm in question does so: | ex: Warner Bros, Brown Implement Co., Amalgamated Leather Ltd., Smith & Sons Inc. |
| The (Baltimore & Ohio Railroad/Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) Company wanted to merge with another company. | Baltimore & Ohio Railroad |
| The head of (J.C. Penney Co. Inc/J.C. Penney Company/J.C. Penney Co.) announced the new line. | J.C. Penney Co. Inc. |
| In addresses that include the number, abbreviate St. Ave. Blvd. (StAB), if they do not include numbers, spell out Street, Avenue, Boulevard | Spell out all other road names; Road, Drive, Place, Circle, Lane, Terrace, Court |
| I live on 823 Maxwell (Court/Ct.). | Court |
| We are looking for 674 Jones (Street/St.) | St. |
| On Second (Street/St.) there was a big parade. | Street |
| If the number is given abbreviate N., S., E., W., NW SW NE SE | Ex: 100 Cox St. SW, 9 S. Gay St., 3 E. Magnolia Ave. |
| The bank is 8 (8th/Eighth) (Avenue/Ave.) (SW/S.W.). | The bank is 8 Eighth Ave. SW. |
| Spell out First through Ninth if they are street names, then use figures after ninth | ex: 222 10th Ave., Eighth Avenue Southwest |
| lowercase abbreviations that do not involve proper names. Those that spell words take periods | ex: c.o.d. (collect on delivery/date) f.o.b. (free on board/father of the bride) |
| Abbreviate versus as vs. (with a period) | It was Auburn vs. Alabama. |
| Auburn (versus/vs.) Oregon was the best game of the year. | vs. |
| Abbreviations for states are NOT the same as postal abbreviations! | |
| What are the eight states that do not get abbreviated? | Alaska, Hawaii, Ohio, Iowa, Idaho, Maine, Texas, Utah |
| Abbreviate states when they follow cities or towns, military bases, national parks, or reservations: | Ex: She was born is Boise, Idaho, and moved to Auburn, Ala., at the age of 18. |
| They lived at Maxwell Air Force Base, (Ala./Alabama), for three years. | Ala. (it's after a military base) |
| Spell out the names of states when they stand alone: | He was born in Alabama and moved to Louisiana at the age of 18. |
| Alabama | Ala. |
| Arizona | Ariz. |
| Alaska | Alaska |
| Arkansas | Ark. |
| California | Calif. |
| Colorado | Colo. |
| Connecticut | Conn. |
| Delaware | Del. |
| Florida | Fla. |
| Georgia | Ga. |
| Hawaii | Hawaii |
| Idaho | Idaho |
| Illinois | Ill. |
| Indiana | Ind. |
| Iowa | Iowa |
| Kansas | Kan. |
| Kentucky | Ky. |
| Louisiana | La. |
| Maryland | Md. |
| Massachussettes | Mass. |
| Michigan | Mich. |
| Minnesota | Minn. |
| Mississippi | Miss. |
| Missouri | Mo. |
| Montana | Mont. |
| Nebraska | Neb. |
| Nevada | Nev. |
| North Carolina | N.C. |
| North Dakota | N.D. |
| New Hampshire | N.H. |
| New Jersey | N.J. |
| New Mexico | N.M. |
| New York | N.Y. |
| Maine | Maine |
| Ohio | Ohio |
| Oklahoma | Okla. |
| Oregon | Ore. |
| Pennsylvania | Pa. |
| Rhode Island | R.I. |
| South Carolina | S.C. |
| South Dakota | S.D. |
| Tennessee | Tenn. |
| Texas | Texas |
| Utah | Utah |
| Vermont | Vt. |
| Virginia | Va. |
| Washington | Wash. |
| W. Va. | West Virginia |
| Wisconsin | Wis. |
| Wyoming | Wyo. |
| Abbreviate Unites States and United Nations in titles when used as ajectives and as nouns | ex: U.S. Chamber of Commerce, U.N. Headquarters, U.S. foreign policy |
| (U.S./United States) foreign policy is a very important diplomatic tool. | U.S. foreign policy |
| The (U.S./United States) Marine Corps is a highly esteemed branch of the military. | U.S. Marine Corps |
| The Greenbrier resort is in White Sulfur Springs, (W. Va./West Virginia). | W. Va. |
| We went to Sacramento, (Calif./California) on vacation. | Calif. |
| We visited the museum in (Ark./Arkansas) on our way to Texas. | Arkansas |
| What months are abbreviated? | Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. |
| What months are not abbreviated? | March, April, May, June, July |
| Abbreviate months only when used as a calendar date, even if there is no year: | Ex: John went to Chicago in January and returned Feb. 3. |
| The Battle of Iwo Jima started in (Feb./February) 1945 when Marines stormed the beach. | February (there is no calendar date) |
| The United States of America was granted freedom on (Jul./July) 4, 1776 | July |
| I was born on (Oct./October) 4. | Oct. |
| Do not abbreviate days of the week | days of the week are capitalized |
| We went to Niffers last (Tuesday/tuesday). | Tuesday |
| Today is (Wed./Wednesday), May 3. | Wednesday - never abbreviate days of the week |
| Do not abbreviate Elizabeth, Benjamin, Charles, etc., unless the person does so | Ex: DO NOT use Liz or Ben or Charlie |
| What is wrong from this sentence? Charlie Jones saved the little boy from drowning. | Charlie - do not abbreviate unless instructed to. |
| The full name of a person normally is used only once in a news story, and that is upon first mention. | Then use last name only and drop the title. NEVER use first name |
| John J. Jones of Auburn received the (Navy Cross/navy cross) today. (John J. Jones/John/Jones), a retired bank clerk, was cited for gallantry in action in 1942 during war. | Navy Cross; Jones |
| Professional titles normally are used on first mention, either before or following the name. | Ex: President Jay Gogue of Auburn University has called for a change in... |
| Dr. Anne-Katrin Gramberg, dean of the College of Liberal Arts, has called a meeting with the student board today. (Dr. Anne-Katrin/The Auburn dean) said that action needed to be taken regarding the student deaths. | The Auburn dean said that action needed to be taken regarding the student deaths. |
| Do NOT abbreviate president, vice president, association, detective, department, deputy, assistant, commandant, manager, general manager, secretary, treasurer professor, district attorney, attorney general, superintendent, Christmas | |
| Titles that should be abbreviated when appearing before the name include Sen., Rep., Gov., Lt. Gov., the Rev., Dr., and police and military titles | ex: Dr. Chad Jones is a heart surgeon at St. Thomas Hospital. |
| (Prof./Professor) Tim Smith gave the lecture. | Professor - never abbreviated! |
| The (v.p./vice president), John Stamps, was elected with the (Pres./President), James Mason. | Vice President; President - Never abbreviate!! |
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KAB0021
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