68WM6 Ph 2 Test 3
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| surgery for the excision or removal of diseased body part | ablation
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| absence of feeling/pain | anesthesia
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| the collapse of lung tissue | atelectasis
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| ill health, malnutrition, and wasting as a result of chronic disease | cachexia
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| tissue breakdown | catabolism
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| the administration of drugs that depress the central nervous system or provide analgesia to relieve anxiety or provide amnesia during surgical diagnostic procedures | conscious sedation
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| the separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure | dehiscence
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| the removal of fluids from a body cavity, wound, or other source of discharge by one or more methods | drainage
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| a dislodgeed thrombus | embolus
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| protrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision | evisceration
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| remove endotraceal tube from airway | extubate
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| substances that slowly seep from cells or blood vessels through small pores in cell membranes | exudate
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| use of a device to promote deep breathing | incentive spirometry
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| cuts produced surgically by a sharp instrument to create an opening into an organ or body space | incisions
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| localized area of necrosis | infarct
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| consent of the patient to a surgery that acknowledges the patient's understanding of what is going to happen and why, along with possible complications | informed consent
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| during surgery | intraoperative
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| surgery for relief or reduction of intensity of disease symptoms; will not produce cure | palliative
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| decrease or absence of intestinal peristalsis | paralytic ileus
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| before, during, and after surgery | perioperative
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| after surgery | postoperative
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| artificial replacement for a missing part of the body | prosthesis
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| hiccup, or involuntary contraction of the diaphragm | singultus
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| branch of medicine concerned with diseases and trauma requiring operative procedures | surgery
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| sterile technique | surgical asepsis
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| an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the anterior wall of a vessel | thrombus
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| purposes of surgery | dignostic, ablation, palliative, reconstructive, transplant, constructive, cosmetic
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| surgery that is not necessary to preserve life and may be performed at a time the patient chooses | elective surgery
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| surgery required to keep additional health problems from occuring | urgent surgery
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| surgery performed immediately to save the individual's life or preserve the function of a body part | emergency surgery
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| the term referring to the nurse's role throughout the surgical process | perioperative nursing
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| factors influencing an individual's ability to tolerate surgery | age, physical condition, nutritional factors
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| considerations for older adult surgical patient | higher morbidity rate, greater stress on the body, recover more slowly, risks are increased, disorientation and toxic reactions to anesthesia, teaching may require extra time, any physical impairment
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| a list of tasks and assessments to be made before surgery, must be completed before patient is transferred to surgical unit | preoperative checklist
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| why is informed consent important? | informed consent verifies that a patient understands the procedure and consents to it; it is protection for the provider against possible legal issues later
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| 4 exercises that are important for all postoperative patients | turning, deep breathing, coughing, leg exercises
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| why is turning important in postoperative patients? | to prevent pressure ulcers, atrophy, and improve circulation and ventilation
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| why is deep breathing important in postoperative patients? | to fully expand the lungs following surgery
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| why is coughing important in postoperative patients? | to fully expand the lungs, and expel any sputum accumulated during surgery
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| why are leg exercises important in postoperative patients? | to improve circuation and prevent the formation of a thrombus
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| this type of anesthesia results in an immobile, quite patient who does not recall the surgical procedure | general anesthesia
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| this type of anesthesia results in loss of sensation in an area of the body | regional anesthesia
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| this type of anesthesia results in loss of sencation only at the desired site | local anesthesia
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| the administration of drugs that depress the central nervous system or provide analgesia to relieve anxiety or provide amnesia during surgical diagnostic procedures | concious sedation
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| role of the scrub nurse during surgery | sterile, maintains sterile field and instruments, keeps count of instroments and supplies, identifies and handles surgical specimens
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| role of the circulating nurse during surgery | clean, prepares patient, positions patient, counts supplies with scrub nurse, assists scrub nurse with sterile field, cares for surgical specimens
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| initial care following transfer from PACU includes: | airway, breathing, conciousness, circulation, and system review
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| nursing interventions that help prevent postoperative complications | proper vitals monitoring, observation and care of the incision(s), assuring proper ventilation (deep breathing, coughing), managing pain, monitoring urinary function, preventing venous stasis (exercise), early ambulation
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| assessment data for the surgical patient | prior surgery, allergies, medication, drugs/alcohol, smoking status, physical condition, at risk data, emotional status
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| information needed for discharge of a postoperative patient | wound care, action and side effects of medications, activity restrictions, dietary restrictions, symptoms to be reported, where and when to followup
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| surgical exploration that allows physician to confirm diagnosis; may involve removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing | diagnostic
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| surgery to restore function or appearance to traumatized or malfunctioning tissue | reconstructive
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| surgery to replace malfunctioning organs | transplant
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| surgery to restore fuction lost or reduced as a result of congenital abnormalities | constructive
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| surgery for the alteration of personal appearance | cosmetic
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| before surgery | preoperative
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| surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to another; to bypass an area | anastomosis
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| surgical removal of | -ectomy
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| destruction or dissolution of | lysis
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| surgical repair of | -orrhaphy
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| direct visualization by a scope | -oscopy
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| opening made to allow the passage of drainage | -ostomy
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| opening into | -otomy
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| fixation of | -pexy
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| plastic surgery | -plasty
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| surgeries in which coughing postsurgically is contraindicated | intracranieal, eye, ear, nose, throat, and spinal surgeries
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| the process that removes drugs from the body | elimination
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| the time required to reduce the concentration of a drug in the body by 50% | half-life
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| relative sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system homeostasis | autonomic stability
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| inability of muscles to contract or maintain resting tone | muscle relaxation
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| medication that reverses the effects of narcotics | naloxone
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| medication that reverses the effects of benzodiazepenes | romazicor/flurazenil
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| anesthesia achieved by placing local anesthatic into the subarachniod space | spinal anesthesia
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| anesthesia achieved by placing local anesthetic in the epidural space | epidural anesthesia
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| anesthesia achieved by placing local anesthetic in the region of the nerve enervating the area | nerve block
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| anesthetis is infused into the veins of an extremity distal to a tourniquet | bier block
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| who is responsible for monitoring of a consciously sedate patient? | an RN
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| potential intraoperative complications | infection, burns, hypothermia, hyperthermia, bleeding, pressure sores, trauma
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| the most important vital signs in monitoring a patient after spinal anesthesia | respiratory rate, blood pressure
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| strip or roll of cloth or other material that can be wound around a part of the body in a variety of ways for multiple purposes | bandage
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| bandage made lf large pieces of material to fit a specific body part | binder
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| soft, pink, fleshy tissue consisting of capillaries surrounded by fibrous collagen | granulation
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| the process of invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms | infectious process
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| tissue reaction to injury | inflammatory response
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| gentle washing of an area with a stream of solution | irrigation
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| this type of healing is possible in wounds where skin edges are close together and little tissue is lost; results in minimal scarring | primary intention
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| stab wound, sometames created surgically for a drainage system | puncture
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| producing or containing pus | purulent
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| composed of or pertaining to blood | sanguineous
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| this type of healing is necessary when skin edges are not close together, or when pus has formed in the wound; the wound must granulate and heal from the inside out | secondary intention
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| composed of serum and blood; thin, red drainage | serosanguineous
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| thin and watery drainage, composed of the serum portion of the blood | serous
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| trainage tube inserted into the bile duct following cholecystectomy | T-tube
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| delayed primary intention wound closure | tertiary intention
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| device that assists in wound closure by applying localized negative pressure to draw the edges of a wound together | vacuum assisted closure
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| any injury to the body's tissues involving a break in the skin | wound
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| the first phase of wound healing; termination of bleeding | hemostasis
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| the second phase of wound healing; initial increase in the flow of blood elements out of the blood vessel into the vascular space; results in redness, heat, swelling, pain, and tissue dysfunction | inflammatory phase
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| what phase of the wound healing process does collagen formation occur in? | reconstruction phase
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| what phase of the wound healing process does dehiscence most commonly occur in? | reconstruction phase
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| an overgrowth of collagenous scar tissue at the site of a wound | keloid
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| keloids occur in what stage of wound healing? | maturation phase
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| the four phases of wound healing | hemostasis, inflammatory, reconstruction, maturation
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| role of nutrition in wound healing | porteins, carbs, fats, and vitamins are essential in promoting the wound healing process
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| common factors that complicate wound healing | age, malnutrition, obesity, impaired oxygenation, smoking, drugs, diabetes mellitus, radiation, wound stress
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| common complications of wound healing | abcess, adhesion, cellulitis, dehiscence, evisceration, extravasation, hematoma
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| cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue | abcess
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| band of scar tissue that binds together two anatomical surfaces normally separated; most commonly found in the abdomen | adhesion
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| infection of the skin characterized by heat, pain, erythema, and edema | cellulitis
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| separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure | dehiscence
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| protrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision | evisceration
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| blood, serum, or lymph escaping from the vessel into the tissue | extravasation
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| collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues or in an organ resulting from incomplete hemostasis after surgery or injury | hematoma
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| CDC classifications of wounds | clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, dirty or infected
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| CDC class of an unifected surgical wound | clean wound
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| CDC class of a surgical incision made into the respiratory, GI, or GU tract | clean-contaminate wound
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| CDC class of incision in the presence of GI products from an acute, nunpurulent inflammation; or if aseptic technique is broken during surgery | contaminated
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| CDC class of a wound that was infected before surgery (ie gangrene) | dirty or infected
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| special nursing interventions for wound care in older patients | instruct patient on safety precautions, provide wound care instruction to home caregiver
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| to promote wound healing in malnourished patients, what should a patient be encouraged to increase their intake of? | protein, carbs, lipids, vitamins A and C, minerals, and B vitamins
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| what are some interventions to promote wound healing in patients with impaired ability to oxygenate? | diet high in iron, vitamin B, and folic acid; monitor hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
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| what are some nursing interventions to promote wound healing in pationts who are on steroids or other antiinflammatory drugs? | obeserve more closely for signs of infection; diet high in vitamin A
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| what is the primary purpose of a wet to dry dressing? | to mechinically debride a wound
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| this drain is used when 100-200 ml of drainage is expected | jackson-pratt drain
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| this drain is used when more than 100, up to 500ml, of drainage is expected | hemovac
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| this class of medication is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of various bacterial infections | antiinfectives
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| kill bacteria | bactericidal
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| inhibit the growth of bacteria | bacteriostatic
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| a sensitivity to one substance that predisposes an individual to sensitivity to other substances that are related in chemical structure | cross-sensitivity
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| penicillins are chemically inactivated by | aminoglycosides
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| dosages of antiinfectives may need to be reduced in patients with these to conditions | hepatic and renal insufficiency
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| these antiinfectives can reduce the ability of the liver to metabolize other drugs | erythromycins
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| this medication can increase serum levels of penicillins | probenecid
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| the absorbtion of these antiinfectives is decreased by antacids, bismuth subsalicylate, iron salts, sucralfate, and zinc salts | fluoroquinolones
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| assessment for patients receiving antiinfectives should include | s/s of infection, previous hypersensitivites, culture and sensitivity
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| potential nursing diagnoses for patients receiving antiinfectives | risk for infection, deficient knowledge (med education), noncompliance
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| how should most antiinfectives be administered to maintain therapeutic serum levels | around the clock
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| patient teaching related to antiinfectives | take med as directed until gone, report signs of superinfection, reasons to follow up
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| black, furry overgrowth on tongue, vaginal itching or discharge, and loose or foul smelling stools are signs of | superinfection
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| this class of medications is used for the treatment of fungal infections | antifungals
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| kills fungi | fungicidal
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| stops growth of fungi | fungistatic
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| systemic antifungals have adverse effects on the function of this | bone marrow
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| this antifungal commonly causes renal impairment | amphotericin B
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| the dosage of this antifungal should be adjusted in patients with this dysfunction | renal impairment
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| HIV positive patients may have more severe adverse reactions to this antifungal | fluconazole
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| possible nursing diagnoses related to antifungals | risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, deficient knowledge
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