diseases and disorders
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| Celiac Disease | Hereditary disorder when a certain protein found in wheat causes an allergic reaction of the intestinal lining resulting in improper absorption of fats from the diet
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| Hirchsprung's Disease | Congenital condition of the large intestine; nerves controlling contractions are missing - serious condition results in severe constipation or vomiting.
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| Developmental Dysplasia of Hip | Femoral head is separated by the acetabulum in the newborn.
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| Hydrocephalus | Enlarged ventricles in which the CSF produced in the ventricles cannot drain.
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| Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis | Bone becomes less dense and more fragile.
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| Atresias | Congenital condition that requires surgery because an opening to an organ is absent, eg. anal atresias is when the anal opening is absent at birth.
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| Spina Bifida Acculta | Mild form of Spina Bifida characterized by some defect or splitting of the posterior arch of L5-S1 with protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges.
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| Myelocele | Most severe type of spina bifida; the spinal cord protrudes through opening.
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| Meningocele | Type of spina bifida; most common and severe form, involves the protrusion of the meninges through the undeveloped opening.
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| Spina Bifida | Posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, exposing part of the spinal cord (can be discovered before birth by ultrasound)
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| Cronh's Disease | Infection of the intestinal wall that may be in either the small or large intestine.
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| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Chronic disorders of inflammation of the intestines.
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| Ulcerative Colitis | Inflammatory bowel disease that involves the large intestine and usually starts in the rectum or sigmoid.
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| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of liver indicates liver disease such as acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bile duct obstruction.
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| Osteomalacia | Developing bones do not harden or calcify causing skeletal deformities (Rickets).
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| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Hereditary disorder of bones that are abnormally soft and fragile; infants may be born with many fractures which can result in dwarfism and/or deformities.
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| Kohler's Bone Disease | Form of osteochondrosis; inflammation of bone and cartilage of the navicular bone of the foot.
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| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease | Type of osteochondrosis; leads to abnormal bone growth at the hip.
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| Scheuermanns's Disease | Type of osteochondrosis; bone development changes of the vertebrae result in kyphosis (hunchback).
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| Hematuria | Blood in urine, may be caused by various things such as cancer of the kidneys or bladder, kidney stones, kidney cysts, or sickle cell disease.
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| Transitional vertebrae | Occurs when the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Most often in lumbosacral region, vertebra possess enlarged transverse processes.
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| Spina Bifida | Congenital neural tube defect; development anomaly in the posterior vertebral arch.
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| Tuberculosis | Contagious disease caused by airborne bacteria, potentially fatal.
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| Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura surrounding the lungs.
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| Emphysema | Irreversible and chronic lung disease in which alveoli air spaces become greatly enlarged.
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| Cystic Fibrosis | Most common inherited disease; secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive "clogging" of bronchi and bronchioles.
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| Bronchitis | Acute or chronic condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into the bronchi creating cough and shortness of breath.
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| Atelectasis | Partial or full collapse of a lung.
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| Asthma | Respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing.
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| Whiplash | Injury of the cervical vertebrae or supporting ligaments and muscles marked by pain and stiffness; caused by acceleration or deceleration movement of the neck.
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| Pectus Excavatum | Depressed sternum; it will embarrass the heart- surgery is required usually for cosmetic reasons.
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| Hydrocephalus | Abnormal accumulation of CSF within the cranial vault; dilation of the ventricles.
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| Herniated Disk | Rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk, releasing the nucleus pulposus that cushions the vertebrae above and below - considerable pain, damage nerves.
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| Cervical Rib | Rib that articulates with a cervical vertebrae but does not reach the sternum, usually C7.
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| Tendonitis | Inflammation of the tendon, usually resulting from strain.
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| Subluxation | Incomplete dislocation; partial abnormal separation of the articular surfaces of a joint.
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| Osteoporosis | Abnormal loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue with an increased fracture risk.
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| Osgood-Schlatter | Inflammation of bone and cartilage involving the anterior proximal tibia, injury causes the patellar tendon to detach from part of the tibial tuberosity.
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| Gout | Form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood; first attacks the first MTP joint.
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| Fracture | Breaks in the structures of bone caused by a force, either direct or indirect.
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| Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa, connective tissue structure surrounding the joint.
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| Osteochondrosis | Primarily affects the epiphyseal or growth plates of long bones resulting in pain, deformities, and abnormal bone growth.
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| Hypospadias | Congenital condition of infant males, the opening of the urethra is to the underside of the penis.
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| Hydronephrosis | Enlarged kidney distended with urine, caused by an obstruction of urine.
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| Horseshoe Kidney | Congenital condition in which the two kidneys are joined together.
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| Pneumothorax | Accumulation of air in pleural space, causing atelectasis.
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| Pneumonia | Inflammation of lungs resulting in "accumulation" of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities.
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| Aspiration pneumonia | Caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi, resulting in edema.
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| Bronchopneumonia | Bronchitis of both lungs.
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| Lobar pneumonia | Pneumonia confined to one or two lobes.
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| Viral pneumonia | Interstitial inflammation of the alveoli and connecting tissues.
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| Pneumonoconiosis | Disease of the lung caused by chronic inhalation of dust; anthracosis, asbestosis, silicosis.
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| Pleural Effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity. Empyema, fluid is pus. Hemothorax, fluid is blood.
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| COPD | Consistent obstruction of airway as caused by emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
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| Bronchiectasis | Irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction.
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| Spondylolysis | Condition of the spine characterized by fixation or stiffness of a vertebral joint.
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| Spondylolisthesis | Partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one below it; usually L5 over S1.
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| Osteophyte | Bony outgrowth, usually found around a joint.
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| Degenerative disk disease | Deterioration of a disk.
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| Spondylitis | Inflammation of any of the vertebrae; causes stiffness and pain. Could be caused by traumatic injury, infection, rheumatoid disease.
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis | Chronic inflammatory disease, unknown origin, first affecting the spine and adjacent structures, progressing to eventual fusion of the involved joints.
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| Achondroplasia | A disorder of the growth cartilage in the epiphysis of the long bone and skull; premature ossification permanent limitation of skeletal development.
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| Osteopetrosis | Increase in bone density, probably caused by the faulty bone resorption resulting from a deficiency of osteoclasts.
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| Talipes | Deformity of foot and ankle, usually congenital; club foot.
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| Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) | Non-Neoplastic bone disease that disrupts new bone growth resulting in over production of very dense, yet soft, bone.
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| Osteomyelitis | Local or generalized infection of bone and bone marrow usually caused by bacteria introduced by surgery or trauma.
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| Osteomalacia (rickets) | Bone softening; lack of bone mineralization because of deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, and/or vitamin D.
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| Osteochondroma (exostosis) | Benign tumor composed of bone and cartilage.
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| Osteoarthritis | DJD Non-inflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic (enlargement or overgrown) bone formation.
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| Epicondylitis | Painful inflammation of the muscle and surrounding tissue of the elbow; tennis elbow, golfers elbow.
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| Acromegaly | Over secretion of growth hormones; gradual marked soft tissue enlargement and widening/thickening of skeletal bones in the face, jaw, hands, and feet.
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| Osteochondrodysplasia | Hereditary disorder in which the bones grow abnormal, most often causing dwarfism or short stature.
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| Achondroplasia | Form of short-limbed dwarfism; results in decreased bone formation in the growth plates of long bones.
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