Evolution, adaption, exntinction, types of species
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| habitat fragmentation | break ecosystems into small parts, may be too small to support populations of some species (grizzly bears require large territories), to resolve, make wildlife reserves/parks larger and/or establish migration corridors
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| reestablishment of a community/habitat after it has been altered | restoration
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| Reasons to protect endangered species | may be useful to humans in the future (medicines, etc.), ecological value (disappearance of one will affect other species), intrinsic/moral value (has right to live)
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| common traits of endangered species | long lived, low reproductive rate, high on food chain, economic value
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| natural process sped up by humans (mass extinctions = lots in a short period of time), causes typically habitat destruction, poaching, introduced species natural disaster | extinction
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| endemic (naturally occur) in an ecosystem | native species
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| species whose existence is critical to maintenance of ecosystem | keystone species
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| species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged | indicator species
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| species speciates into several others to fill vacant niches (ex. Darwin’s finches with different beak sizes on Galapagos Islands) | adaptive radiation
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| Islands and species relationship? | tend to have fewer species than mainland, number of species on an island depends upon its size and distance from mainland
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| when species in two different areas look alike | convergent evolution
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| populations of the same species diverge into two new ones | divergent evolution
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| two species arise from one, steps include geographic and then reproductive isolation | speciation
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| initial establishment of communities in an area of bare rock | primary succession
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| first species to appear in primary succession such as lichens, moss | pioneer species
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| reestablishment of vegetation in an area following a disturbance | secondary succession
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| final stage in ecological succession, stable, highest species diversity, only change back to earlier stage due to fire, severe storm, logging, etc. | climax community
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| factors in environment which affect species survival and reproduction | selective pressures
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| traits that better allow an organism to survive and reproduce | adaptations
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| proposed by Charles Darwin, 3 conditions for evolution to occur by natural selection are variability for trait must exist in population, trait must me heritable, and trait must lead to differential reproductive success | natural selection
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| theory regarding how populations change over time, refers to a change in population’s gene pool over time | evolution
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