HSC Mod 2-Theories
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| A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict events | Theory
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| Purpose of a Theory | general explanation of why people act or do not act to maintain and promote the health of themselves, their families, organizations, and communities
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| Why we use theories | -key to effective planning
-helps us understand nature of targeted behavior (dynamics, processes of change, effects of external influences)
-helps us identify the most suitable targets for change
-facilitates evaluation
-replicate successful programs
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| Choice of theory depends on these 4 things | -nature of problem
-setting
-target audience (demographics)
-program goals
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| Describes interrelation between organisms and their environment | Ecology
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| Social, institutional, and cultural contexts of people (environmental relations) | Social Ecology
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| first 2 assumptions of Social Ecological Model | 1) health is influenced by multiple facets of physical & social environments
2) human environments are multidimensional & complex (physical v. social, proximal v. distal, objective v. subjective)
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| last 2 assumptions of Social Ecological Model | 3)participants & environments should be studied at varying levels
4)people & environment transactions are characterized by cycles of mutual influence (reciprocal determinism)
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| 5 Phases/Levels of Social Ecological Model | 1) Intrapersonal
2) Interpersonal
3) Institutional Factors
4) Community Factors
5) Public Policy
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| Level of SEM that includes an individual's personal attributes, knowledge, attitude, beliefs, experiences & values | Intrapersonal
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| Level of SEM that includes formal and informal social network and social support systems (family, work, friends); and social support is conducive to health change | Interpersonal
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| Level of SEM that includes social institutions with organizational characteristics and a corporate culture where employees feel that there is management support in health programs. | Institutional Factors
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| Level of SEM that includes relationships among organizations, institutions, etc. A lot of linkage. | Community Factors
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| Level of SEM that includes local, state, and national laws and policies | Public Policy
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| Strengths of Transtheoretical Model | Behavior change takes TIME, change is INCREMENTAL, stage-matching of INTERVENTIONS
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| 6 Phases of Transtheoretical Model | Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination
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| Phase of TTM- no intention to take action, lack of awareness, defense mechanisms | Precontemplation
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| Phase of TTM- person is aware of the pros and cons of making the change and informed decision making takes place. Ambivalence may occur | Contemplation
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| Phase of TTM- person intends to take action within the next month. Plan of action is KEY. These people should be targets of action-oriented programs | Preparation
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| Phase of TTM- person has made specific overt modifications of behavior within the past 6 months (only sufficient action counts), least help needed from health educator | Action
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| Phase of TTM- efforts are being expended to prevent relapse and not a lot of new change is occurring. Self-efficacy and relapse prevention plans needed. | Maintenance
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| Phase of TTM- no temptation to relapse and 100% self-efficacy. Main goal for addiction type programs and applies mostly to certain types of behavior. | Termination
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| Process of Change- awareness occurs | Consciousness Raising
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| Process of Change- experience emotions connected with unhealthy behavioral risks | Dramatic Relief
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| Process of Change- cognitive and affective assessments of self image with and without the unhealthy habit | Self-Reevaluation
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| Process of Change- cognitive and affective assessments of the relationships of the habit to one's social environment | Environmental Reevaluation
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| Process of Change- belief that one can change and commitment to act on that belief | Self Liberation
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| Process of Change- Social support (building psychosocial assets) | Helping Relationships
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| Process of Change- learning healthier alternatives to unhealthy habits | Counterconditioning
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| Process of Change- operant conditioning (punishment/incentives); consequences for taking steps in a particular disease | Contingency Management
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| Process of Change- remove cues for unhealthy habits | Stimulus Control
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| Process of Change- increasing social opportunities and alternatives especially for those otherwise deprived | Social Liberation
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| Model used to predict what a person is going to do due to personal perceptions that guide behavior (these perceptions are usually inaccurate) | Health Belief Model
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| Health Belief Model is effective with the preventive behavior is a ______ ______ action | Short term or "one shot"
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| This component of the Health Behavior Model seems to have more predictive value than any other component | Benefits/Barriers
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| Components of Health Belief Model (9) | 1) Perceived Susceptibility
2) Perceived Severity
3) Modifying Factors
4) Behavioral Intention
5) Cues to Action
6) Perceived Benefits
7) Perceived Barriers
8) Behavior
9) Self-efficacy
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