nmes/fes-and phono
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| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or functional electrical stimulation (FES) | is a technique used to facilitate skeletal muscle activity.
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| Stimulation of an innervated muscle occurs when | an electrical stimulus of appropriate intensity and duration is administered to the corresponding peripheral nerve.
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| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | is a commonly used therapeutic technique to facilitate the return of controlled functional muscular activity or to maintain postural alignment until recovery occurs.
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| The patient should be | positioned comfortably.
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| The therapist uses a bipolar electrode placement | over the target muscle.
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| An interrupted or surged current is utilized | with a range of 20-40 pulses per second
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| on time of six to ten seconds followed by | an off time of approximately 50-60 seconds in order to avoid immediate motor fatigue.
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| Treatment time ranges from 15 to 20 minutes and | can be repeated several times each day.
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| Phonophoresis | describes the use of ultrasound for transdermal delivery of medication.
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| Ultrasound | enhances the distribution of the medication through the skin, provides a high concentration of the drug directly to the treatment site, and avoids risks that may be involved with injection of medication.
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| Medications regularly used in phonophoresis include | anti-inflammatory agents or analgesics.
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| Phonophoresis is effective with both | continuous and pulsed techniques.
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