electrodes
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| Monopolar technique: | The stimulating or active electrode is placed over the target area. A second dispersive electrode is placed at another site away from the target area.
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| Monopolar technique: | Typically the active electrode is smaller than the dispersive electrode.
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| Monopolar technique: | is used with wounds, iontophoresis, and in the treatment of edema.
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| Bipolar technique: | Two active electrodes are placed over the target area. Typically the electrodes are equal in size.
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| Bipolar technique: | is used for muscle weakness, neuromuscular facilitation, spasms, and range of motion.
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| Quadripolar technique: | Two electrodes from two separate stimulating circuits are positioned so that the individual currents intersect with each other.
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| Quadripolar technique: | is utilized with interferential current.
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| When using a smaller electrode | it is particularly important to understand that since the current density is quite high compared to a larger electrode, the patient will be more susceptible to pain and potential tissue damage.
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| Small Electrodes: | increased current density, decreased current flow, decreased impedance
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| Large Electrodes: | decreased current density, increased current flow, increased impedance
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