Chapter 13 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| ALARA | The principle that states that all radiation exposure to humans should be limited to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable.
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| Chromosomes | Microscopic bodies that contain the genes.
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| Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg) | The SI unit for measuring radiation exposure, specifying the quantity of electrical charge.
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA
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| Dominate | Genes that are "chosen".
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| Equivalent dose | The absorbed dose multiplied by the quality factor.
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| Sievert | The SI unit used to measure dose equivalents.
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| Roentgen | Measurement of radiation intensity in the air.
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| Genes | Determiners of heredity that are made of DNA
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| Gray | The SI unit for dose measurement
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| Rad | Equal to 100 ergs absorbed per gram of tissue.
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| Quality Factor | A number assigned to each type of radiation, based upon its relative biologic effect as compared to x-rays.
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| Focus-skin distance | FSD
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| Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) | Patient dose in radiography that is usually calculated according to the exposure level at the skin.
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| Stochastic | Radiation effects that are random and unpredictable. Severity is unrelated to dose.
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| Free radicals | Molecules or parts of molecules that occur as the result of ionization.
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| Enzymes | Biological chemicals that repair damage to cell membranes and DNA.
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| Nonstochastic | Radiation effects that are typically of relatively high doses. The severity of the effect is proportional to the dose.
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| Erythema | Reddening of the skin
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| Recessive | Genes that are not selected.
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| Mutations | Genetic changes
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| Gonads | Reproductive glands
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| Gonad shields | lead shields that prevent unnecessary radiation to the reproductive organs.
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| Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) | A dose measuring devise that gives off light when heated.
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| Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) | A dosimeter that uses aluminum oxide as a radiation detector.
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| ionizing radiation | produces positively and negatively charged particles when passing through the body.
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| radiation protection | the measures taken to safeguard patients, personnel, and the public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.
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| radiation weighting factor (WR) | is assigned to each type of radiation, based on the variation in biologic damage that is produced when an individual receives exposure from different types of radiation.
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| Rem | Radiation equivalent man, is the unit of equivalent dose in the conventional system.
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| source-skin distance (SSD) | the distance from the radiation source to the patient.
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| Absorbed dose (D) | the amount of energy (x-ray) per unit mass absorbed by the irradiated tissue.
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| Biologic damage | destructive interactions of ionizing radiation occur at the same atomic level, leading to cellular damage
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| effective dose (EfD) | limiting system used to calculate the upper limits of occupational exposure permissible.
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