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Radiology
Chapter 13 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ALARA | The principle that states that all radiation exposure to humans should be limited to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable. |
| Chromosomes | Microscopic bodies that contain the genes. |
| Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg) | The SI unit for measuring radiation exposure, specifying the quantity of electrical charge. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| Dominate | Genes that are "chosen". |
| Equivalent dose | The absorbed dose multiplied by the quality factor. |
| Sievert | The SI unit used to measure dose equivalents. |
| Roentgen | Measurement of radiation intensity in the air. |
| Genes | Determiners of heredity that are made of DNA |
| Gray | The SI unit for dose measurement |
| Rad | Equal to 100 ergs absorbed per gram of tissue. |
| Quality Factor | A number assigned to each type of radiation, based upon its relative biologic effect as compared to x-rays. |
| Focus-skin distance | FSD |
| Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) | Patient dose in radiography that is usually calculated according to the exposure level at the skin. |
| Stochastic | Radiation effects that are random and unpredictable. Severity is unrelated to dose. |
| Free radicals | Molecules or parts of molecules that occur as the result of ionization. |
| Enzymes | Biological chemicals that repair damage to cell membranes and DNA. |
| Nonstochastic | Radiation effects that are typically of relatively high doses. The severity of the effect is proportional to the dose. |
| Erythema | Reddening of the skin |
| Recessive | Genes that are not selected. |
| Mutations | Genetic changes |
| Gonads | Reproductive glands |
| Gonad shields | lead shields that prevent unnecessary radiation to the reproductive organs. |
| Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) | A dose measuring devise that gives off light when heated. |
| Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) | A dosimeter that uses aluminum oxide as a radiation detector. |
| ionizing radiation | produces positively and negatively charged particles when passing through the body. |
| radiation protection | the measures taken to safeguard patients, personnel, and the public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation. |
| radiation weighting factor (WR) | is assigned to each type of radiation, based on the variation in biologic damage that is produced when an individual receives exposure from different types of radiation. |
| Rem | Radiation equivalent man, is the unit of equivalent dose in the conventional system. |
| source-skin distance (SSD) | the distance from the radiation source to the patient. |
| Absorbed dose (D) | the amount of energy (x-ray) per unit mass absorbed by the irradiated tissue. |
| Biologic damage | destructive interactions of ionizing radiation occur at the same atomic level, leading to cellular damage |
| effective dose (EfD) | limiting system used to calculate the upper limits of occupational exposure permissible. |
Created by:
hollieritter
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