Pharmocology terms and definitions
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| Addiction | Physiologic or psychologic dependence on some agent with tendency to increase its use.
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| Administer | To give patient a drug by injection or by mouth; putting drug into the body of a paient by any means, including injections
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| Chemotherapy | Treatment of illness by chemical means (medication) primarily cancer
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| Dispense | To give or sell the patient a container holding a drug for later use
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| Dosage | Amount of medicine to be administered to a patient at one time
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| Drug | Medication; chemical or other substance intended to have a therapeutic effect
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| Drug addition | Acquired dependcy on medications which stimulate or depress physiologic or mental activities.... could be anything; i.e. shopping
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| Habituation | acquired tolerance from repeated use of a drug, with little or no tendency to increase dose.
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| Lethal dose | amount of medicine which causes death. 1 x reaction.
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| Local effect | effect limnited to a part; not general; i.e. novacaine
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| Pharmacist | Person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
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| Pharmacology | study of the actions of drugs on living organisms
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| Pharmacopeia | book containing a slected list of medicinal preparations and their dosage forms; provides a description and standards of purity and strenght for each drug listed
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| Pharmacy | profession or place of preparing and dispensing drugs
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| Prescription | WRITTEN OR VERBAL medication order to take medication LATER
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| Prescribe | ACTION of giving a written or verbal order to the pharmacy to be filled for the patient
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| Systemic effect | generalized or affecting the entire body
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| Name the 4 sources of drugs | Animal: insulin from animal pancreas
Mineral: calcium, sodium bicarbonate
Plant: Digitalis- purple foxglove, morphine or codeine from white poppy
Synthetic or chemical: penicillin, steroids-cortisone, prednisone. The body does produce some sources itse
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| Name 4 purposes for which drugs are used | Diagnosis: dyes for xrays, skin tests
Treatment of symptoms: analgesics for pain
Treat disease dysfunction: insulin, antibiotics
Prevention of disease: vaccinations, gamma gluben
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| Name 4 types of names a drug may have | Generic
Official
Chemical
Trade
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| "Generic": Name 4 facts about the term | Universally used
The first letter is NOT capitalized
Given to the drug before the company that develops it makes it official
Are legislatively approved
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| "Chemical": Name 3 facts about the term | Exact chemical formula of the drug
Meaningful chiefly to the chemist
First letter is not capitalized
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| "Official": Name 3 facts about the term | May or may not be the same as generic name
First letter is not capitalized
Used for a drug in official publications
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| "Trade": Name 4 facts about the term | May also be called trademark or brand name
First letter IS capitalized
Symbols TM or R are used to the right of name
Makes pronunciation and spelling easier
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| Class of drug: Analgesic | relieves pain, does not have an effect on the mind
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| Class of drug: Anesthetic | Produces loss of feeling (local, topical, regional or general)
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| Class of drug: Antacid | Neutralizes acid
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| Class of drug: Antibiotic | Destroys bacteria (antibiotics capable of killing a variety of bacteria are known as wide-spectrum antibiotic)
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| Class of drug: Antidepressant | elevates the mood and relieves depression. (these can be dangerous and should not be mixed with some other drugs, alcohol should be avoided)
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| Class of drug: Antidiabetic | Used in the treatment of diabetes
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| Class of drug: Anitdote | Prevents or counteracts the action of a poison
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| Clase of drug: Antihistamine | Reduces the production of histamine in the body
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| Class of drug: Antispasmodic | Reduces the pass of impulses of autonomic nervous system; stops flow of secretions and gastric and bladder contractions
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| Class of drug: Cardiogenic | Acts directly on the heart
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| Class of drug: Cathartic | Promotes or speeds the empyting of bowels
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| Class of drug: Depressant | Produces sedation or sleep
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| Class of drug: Diuretic | Increases output of urine
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| Class of drug: Emetic | Induces vomiting
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| Hallucinogent | Produces hallucinations
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| Hemostatic | Slows flow of blood
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| Hormone | Produced by the endocrine glands
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| Hypnotic | Induces sleep
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| Narcotic | Produces sleep, relieves pain
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| Vasoconstrictor | Causes constriciton of blood vessels
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| Vitamin | Found in various foods; necessary for body function (may be synthetically produced)
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| Name 4 sources of information concerning drugs | USP - United States Pharmacopeia
NF - National Formulary
PDR - Physicians Desk Reference (precautions)
American Hospital Formulary Service
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| What is the purpose of the "Pure Food Act" | Lists 11 narcotic and habit forming drugs; requires labeling of any preparation containing these drugs; prohibits making false claims about medicine.
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| What year did the "Pure Food Act" begin | 1906
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| What is the purpose of the "Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act" | Provides strict regulation of manufactuing, safety, efectiveness, sale and use of drugs
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| What year was the "Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act" established | 1938. Amended several times.
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| What is the purpose of the "Harrison Narcotic Act" | Regulates the importation, manufacture, sale and use of opium, cocaine, and all their compounds and dirivatives.
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| What year was the "Harrison Narcotic Act" established | 1914
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| What is the purpose of the "Controlled Substance Act" | Regulates use of narcotics, amphetamines, and amphetamine-like compounds, barbituates and narcotics as well as drugs that have no medical acceptance including heroine, pot, LSD.
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| What year was the "Controlled Substance Act" established | 1970
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| True or False: The Controlled Substance Act continues to research the use of some drugs for medical use; ie, marajuana. And these drugs are considered Class 1 drugs. | True
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| What is the purpose of the Food and Drug Administration | Enforces laws concerning food and drugs; receives reports from pharmaceuticals and others regarding adverse effects of drugs
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| What is the purpose of the Public Health Service | It is a division of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare which regulates the use of biologic products
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| What is the purpose of the Federal Trade Commission | A federal agency directly responsible to the President - has the power to suppress false or misleading advertising
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| What are the 2 forms of drugs | Solids
Liquids
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| There are 8 solid forms of drugs, what are they | Extract, Powder, Pill, Capsule, Tablet, Suppository, Ointment, Lozenge
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| What is an Extract solid | Concentrated solid preparation of drug made by dissolving a crude drug in a solvant, allowing the solution to evaporate, and forming the sediment into tablets or capsule. Dried to a power.
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| What is a Powder solid | Medicinal preparation in fine particles
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| What is a Pill | Drug shped in small balls or ovals; may be coated to disguise the taste
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| What is a Capsule | Small, cylindrical gelative container filled with powder or granuals... may be enteric coated (EC)
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| What is a Tablet | Dried, powdered drug pressed into a flat disc
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| What is a Suppository | Mixture of drugs in a firm base such as glyceride or vegetable fat which melts at body temperature
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| What is an Ointment | Mixture of drugs in an oily base which spreads easily at body temperature
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| What is a Lozenge | Flat disc containing a drug and a swweetening agent, usually sugar
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| There are 10 forms of Liquids, name them | Fluidextract, Tincture, Spirit, Syrup, Elixir, Suspension, Milk, Emulsion, Liniment, Lotion
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| What is a Fluidextract | Concentrated liquid preparation made by dissolving a crude plant drug in an appopriate solvent (i.e. codeine). Usually 1 cc of fluidextract contains one gram fo the drug.
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| What is a Tincture | Diluted alcoholic extract of drugs; strength varies, usually from 10 to 20 percent.
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| What is a Spirit | Volatile peparation of drugs dissolved in alcohol (flammable).
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| What is a Syrup | Drug prepared in sugar and/or water solution
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| What is an Elixir | Palatable preparation of drugs dissolved in mixture of alcohol, sugar, and an aromatic
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| What is a Suspension | Liquid mixter with ingredients which tend to separate
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| What is a Milk | Bulky suspension of drug preparations in solvent, usually water
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| What is Emulsion | Suspension of oily or fatty subtances in water (i.e. campho)
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| What is Liniment | Mixture of drugs with soap, oil, water, or alcohol to be used for external application
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| What is a Lotion | Preparation of drugs suspended in an aqueous solution.
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| How many Schedules of drugs are there | 5 (Schedules I through V)
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| Name 2 rules regarding storage and availability concerning controlled substances | 1) Kept in secure place.
2) Availability must be carefully monitored
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| What is the MA's responsibilty regarding drugs | To be aware of the types of drugs and which which ones fall within categories according to strenght and the liklihood of abuse.
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| Name the 2 facts concering Schedule I drugs | May not be prescribed - research only
Have high potential for abuse
Examples include marajuana, LSD, heroine
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| Name the 3 facts concerning Schedule II drugs | Have accepted medical use but with sever restrictions as they can be highly addictive
Dispensed with written prescription but cannot be refilled; ie, demerol, morphine, dilaudid
Have high potential for abuse
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| Name the 3 facts concerning Schedule III drugs | Have accepted medical use
May be prescribed in witing or orally with refills up to 5 times in 6 months.
Have less potential for abuse but risk still exists. Tylenol with codeine, seconal and nembutal are examples
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| Name the 3 facts concerning Schedule IV drugs | Have accepted medical use. Have less potential for abuse, may be prescribed in writing or oralloy with refills up to six times in six months. Valium, Miltown, other tranquilizers are examples of Schedule IV drugs.
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| Name the 3 facts concerning Schedule V drugs | Have compounds consisting of limited quantities of narcotic and nonnarcotic active ingredients. May be purchased over the counter. Have less potential for abuse. Cough syrups containing codeine is an example
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| Which 2 Schedules of drug have highest potential for abuse | Schedules I and II
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| Any physician who administers, dispenses or prescribes Scheduled drugs is required to be registered with what agency? | Drug Enforcement Administration
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| How are physicians identified to pharmacies and suppliers of medication | An ID number is assigned to the physician
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| How often must a registration be renewed | Every year.
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| Who should be aware of renews, expiration dates, and responsible for completion of forms to be submitted to legal agencies. | The MA
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| Any physician who orders and keeps any controlled substances must use a special form from which agency. | Drug Enforcement Agency
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| The MA is responsible for completing forms in triplicate. What 3 individuals or agencies receive copies. | One copy remains with the practice.
One copy goes to the DEA
One copy goes to the manufacturer
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| Aside from internal reporting, what 2 agencies should be informed if theft occurs | DEA
Police Department
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| How should controlled substances be stored | Locked and secured in safe place
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| Are records typically kept when samples are dispensed, unless it is a controlled supstance. | No
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| If a physician dispenses a drug (narcotic) to a patient, does a record need to be maintained? | Yes
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| If a physician writes a prescription for a non-narcotic drug, is a record required? | No
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| Where should prescription pads be kept | In a secured location.
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| For ease and extra precaution, how might prescription pads be accounted for | Numbered consecutively.
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| What are 6 ethical responsibilities of the MA working with drugs | 1) Do not administer without training
2) Be accountable for your own actions
3) Know your limitations and act accordingly
4) Do not suggest or prescribe ANY drugs
5) Keep accurate and honest records
6) Be responsible and keep controlled substances se
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| What are the 5 ways drugs are stored | Alphabetically
Classified by drug type (antibiotics, antihistamines, etc)
Classified by form (oral, injectable, topical)
Refrigeration (most vaccines, penicillin, insulin)
Locked cabinet (all controlled substance) TAKE A WITNESS
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| What are the "care" responsibilities concerning drug samples in the medical office | Place in container with label showing name of drug, how used and expiration date. Follow first in first out procedures.
Examine routinely to determine expiration dates and condition before giving to patient. If anything seems abnormal, return to mft
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| What factors should be considered when taking drug inventory | Always keep sufficient supply on hand so as not to run out. Follow FIFO (first in first out) relating to expiration dates and freshness. Keep storage areas clean and perform cleaning routinely... refrigerator, shelves.
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| Is it necessary to check drugs stored for color and appropriate clarity? | Yes
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| Who gets drugs that have expired, gone bad or appear defective. What might you also do with the drug. | The manufacturer. Or you may dispose the drug appropriately.
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| If labels are torn or loose you may replace them. What do you do if a container does not have a lable or is upside down | dispose of the contents properly
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| Where do you put empty bottles | Biohazard container
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| Name 3 ways to get rid of expired drugs | Return to drug company
Hositals may have drop sites
Pharmacies may take them
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