E & D 5 ambulation, gait patterns
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| An appropriate gait pattern is determined by | show 🗑
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| show | two-point, three-point, four-point, swing-to, and swing-through.
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| Two-point gait pattern in which a patient uses | show 🗑
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| show | one-point and a complete cycle is two-points.
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| Three-point gait This pattern can be seen with | show 🗑
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| show | The assistive device is advanced followed by the injured lower extremity and then the uninjured lower extremity.
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| Three-point gait | show 🗑
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| show | This pattern is very similar to the two-point pattern.
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| Four-point gait The primary difference between 2 point | show 🗑
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| show | impaired coordination, balance or significant strength deficits.
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| show | as well as the bilateral lower extremities indicates a single point, thus allowing for a four-point gait pattern.
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| show | bilateral trunk and/or lower extremity weakness, paresis or paralysis, uses crutches or a walker and advances the lower extremities simultaneously only to the point of the assistive device.
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| show | performs the same sequence as a swing-to gait pattern, however, advances the lower extremities beyond the point of the assistive device.
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| show | A gait belt is recommended
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| show | to the side (usually the affected side) and slightly behind the patient
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| show | with one hand; place the other hand on the patientʼs shoulder
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| show | Do not grasp the arm, as it will interfere
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| show | forward when the patient moves; the assistive device and your back leg should advance as the patient ambulates
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Ambulation A therapist must always consider | show 🗑
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| Guarding guidelines may require | show 🗑
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| show | A gait belt is recommended
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training When ascending stairs or curbs, | show 🗑
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| show | on the same step as the patient and the other foot one step lower.
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training Hold the gait belt | show 🗑
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training Remain | show 🗑
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training When descending stairs or curbs, | show 🗑
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training When descending stairs | show 🗑
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| show | in one hand and position the other hand on the front of the patientʼs shoulder.
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| Guidelines for Guarding during Stair and Curb Training When descending stairs | show 🗑
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| show | The patient does not require any assistance to complete the task.
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| show | The patient requires a therapist to observe throughout completion of the task.
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| Contact Guard: | show 🗑
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| show | The patient requires 25% assist from the therapist to complete the task.
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| show | The patient requires 50% assist from the therapist to complete the task.
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| Maximal Assist: | show 🗑
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| show | The patient is unable to participate and the therapist must provide all of the effort to perform the task.
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| Non-weight bearing (NWB): | show 🗑
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| Toe touch weight bearing (TTWB): | show 🗑
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| show | A patient is allowed to put a particular amount of weight through the involved extremity.
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| show | The amount of weight bearing is expressed as allowable pounds of pressure or as a percentage of total weight.
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| Partial weight bearing (PWB): | show 🗑
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| show | A patient determines the proper amount of weight bearing based on comfort. The amount of weight bearing can range from minimal to full. An assistive device may or may not be required.
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| show | A patient is able to place full weight on the involved extremity. An assistive device is not required at this level, but may be used to assist with balance.
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