Japanese History Final
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| Bakumatsu | historiographical term used to describe the end of the bakufu and the final years of the Edo period
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| Kabu Nakama | merchant guilds/wholesalers authorized by the bakufu to act as a chartered trade association by dealing with major macro-economic activity such as commodification rates and monopolistic control over commodities
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| Motoori Norinaga | kokugaku (nativist) thinker active in the 18th century
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| Hirata Atsutane | kokugaku (nativist) thinker believed to succeed Norinaga
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| Hiraga Gennai | "the farting man", rangaku scholar,flamboyant, write a critique of intellectual life in Japan
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| Rangaku | "Dutch learning" the name given to the body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contact with the Dutch at Dejima. Japan learned about western technology and medicine during this pre-modern era in Japan.
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| Kokugaku | Nativist studies in Japan, national revivial in thought to re-focus Japanese scholarship on early Japanese classics instead of Chinese, Buddhism and Confucianism
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| Mitogaku | schools of scholar that worked and lived in the mito domain
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| Shijuku | private schools and academies
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| Tenpo Crisis | economic crisis causing widespread impoverishment and famine during the 1830s due to speculation
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| Oshio Heihachiro | former chief of police of osaka that revolted against authorty for the poor conditions of the peasantry after the many economic and natural disaster crises of the time
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| Uchikowashi | kind of "ikki," smashing, violent riots against local authorities and wealthy peasants
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| Yonaoshi | kindof "ikki," violent riots with religious overtones against any form of authority, economic or political, world renewal
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| Opium Wars | war waged by the private company East India Company in England against China to liberalize opium trade, resulting in an unequal treaty
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| Matthew C. Perry | commodore of the U.S. navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the west for trade through the Convention of Kanagawa
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| Convention of Kanagawa | first agreement between Perry/US and Japan to establish commerce and safety for shipwrecked fishermen and sailors
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| Unequal Treaties | any kind of treaty that one colonizing country coerces or forces another to sign
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| Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Harris Treaty) | ratification of the Convention of Kanagawa.
- Opening of Japanese ports to trade
- ability of foreign citizens to live and trade of those ports
-extraterritoriality
-fixed low import-export duties
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| Dai Nihon Shi | "Great History of Japan" by Mito School, huge composition and considered one of the major works of the Edo Period
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| Ansei Treaties | extension of the Harris Treaty, unequal treaty, to nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, and Netherlands.. Forced Japan to apply to these nations the conditions granted to the United States by the Harris Treaty
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| Eejanaika | a kind o riot, communal religious celebration taking place in Edo, people danced in the streets, rain dances, amulet showers
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| Satsuma | tozama han/domain that revolted against the bakufu and its authority, played a major role in the Meiji Restoration
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| Choshu | another powerful domain that revolted against the bakufu, joined the Satsuma domain to form the Satcho Alliance
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| Aizawa Seishisai | japanese nativist thinker of the Mito School, involved in the compilation of Dai Nihon Shi
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| kokutai | "sovereign"- political term used to describe "national identity" or "national character"
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| Sonno joi | "revere the emperor, expel the barbarians"-influential political slogan used to overthrow the bakufu
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| Shinsengumi | anti-shishi movement/police force used by the bakufu to help control and maintain their political power
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| Sakuradamon Incident | murder of bakufu tairo, or great chancellor, by ronin samurai of the Mito domain
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| Richardson Incident | affair that led to the Anglo-Satsuma war. Samurai assaulted and killed foreign merchants from Britain traveling through Japan because the Satsuma samurai felt disrespected.
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| Satcho Alliance | allieance between the two powerful domain, Satsuma and Choshu, forming an anti-bakufu coalition
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| Tengu Rebellion | civil war/rebellion by Mito samurai, suppressed by the last Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu
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| Tokugawa Yoshinobu | Last shogun of Tokugawa rule
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| Emperor Meiji | new emperor of Meiji Period, first emperor restored to power after the Tokugawa period
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| Boshin War | civil war in Japan in the late 19th century between forces of ruling Tokugawa shoungate and those seeking to restore power to the emperor/imperial court
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