neuro20 terms
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| Agnosia: | The inability to interpret information.
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| Agraphesthesia: | The inability to recognize symbols, letters or numbers traced on the skin.
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| Agraphia: | The inability to write due to a lesion within the brain.
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| Akinesia: | The inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in patients with Parkinsonʼs disease.
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| Aphasia: | The inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain.
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| Apraxia: | The inability to perform purposeful learned movements, although there is no sensory or motor impairment.
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| Astereognosis: | The inability to recognize objects by sense of touch.
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| Ataxia: | The inability to perform coordinated movements.
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| Athetosis: | A condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability.
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| Bradykinesia: | Movement that is very slow.
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| Chorea: | Movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary.
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| Clonus: | A characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex.
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| Constructional apraxia: | The inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs. This person is visually unable to analyze how to perform a task.
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| Decerebrate rigidity: | A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities.
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| Decorticate rigidity: | A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion.
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| Diplopia: | Double vision
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| Dysarthria: | Slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech.
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| Dysdiadochokinesia: | The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements.
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| Dysmetria: | The inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity.
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| Dysphagia: | The inability to properly swallow.
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| Dystonia: | Closely related to athetosis, however, there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles.
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| Emotional lability: | A characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation.
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| Hemiballism: | An involuntary and violent movement of a large body part.
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| Hemiparesis: | A condition of weakness on one side of the body.
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| Hemiplegia: | A condition of paralysis on one side of the body.
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| Homonymous hemianopsia: | The loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes.
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| Ideational apraxia: | The inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired.
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| Ideomotor apraxia: | A condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it. Automatic movement may occur, however, a person cannot impose additional movement on command.
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| Kinesthesia: | The ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part.
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| Perseveration: | The state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose.
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| Proprioception: | The ability to perceive the static position of a joint or body part.
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| Rigidity: | A state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint.
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| Synergy: | A result of brain damage that presents with mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity.
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| Unilateral neglect: | The inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion. Left-sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobes.
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