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final-review 17
neuro20 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agnosia: | The inability to interpret information. |
| Agraphesthesia: | The inability to recognize symbols, letters or numbers traced on the skin. |
| Agraphia: | The inability to write due to a lesion within the brain. |
| Akinesia: | The inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in patients with Parkinsonʼs disease. |
| Aphasia: | The inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain. |
| Apraxia: | The inability to perform purposeful learned movements, although there is no sensory or motor impairment. |
| Astereognosis: | The inability to recognize objects by sense of touch. |
| Ataxia: | The inability to perform coordinated movements. |
| Athetosis: | A condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability. |
| Bradykinesia: | Movement that is very slow. |
| Chorea: | Movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary. |
| Clonus: | A characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex. |
| Constructional apraxia: | The inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs. This person is visually unable to analyze how to perform a task. |
| Decerebrate rigidity: | A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities. |
| Decorticate rigidity: | A characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion. |
| Diplopia: | Double vision |
| Dysarthria: | Slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech. |
| Dysdiadochokinesia: | The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements. |
| Dysmetria: | The inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity. |
| Dysphagia: | The inability to properly swallow. |
| Dystonia: | Closely related to athetosis, however, there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles. |
| Emotional lability: | A characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation. |
| Hemiballism: | An involuntary and violent movement of a large body part. |
| Hemiparesis: | A condition of weakness on one side of the body. |
| Hemiplegia: | A condition of paralysis on one side of the body. |
| Homonymous hemianopsia: | The loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes. |
| Ideational apraxia: | The inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired. |
| Ideomotor apraxia: | A condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it. Automatic movement may occur, however, a person cannot impose additional movement on command. |
| Kinesthesia: | The ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part. |
| Perseveration: | The state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose. |
| Proprioception: | The ability to perceive the static position of a joint or body part. |
| Rigidity: | A state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint. |
| Synergy: | A result of brain damage that presents with mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity. |
| Unilateral neglect: | The inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion. Left-sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobes. |
Created by:
micah10
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