neuro5 brain parts
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| The brainstem is located: | in front of the cerebellum and is connected to the spinal cord.
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| Brain stem consists of three structures: | the midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, and medulla oblongata.
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| The brainstem works as | a relay station, sending messages between various parts of the body and the cerebral cortex.
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| Many of the primitive functions that are essential for survival are located | within the brainstem.
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| The reticular activating system | is found within the midbrain, pons, medulla, and a portion of the thalamus.
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| Severe damage to the brainstem | will often result in “brain death” secondary to the key functions that are controlled within this area.
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| The majority of cranial nerves originate | in the brainstem.
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| The diencephalon is located | beneath the cerebral hemispheres and contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, optic tracts and optic chiasm, infundibulum, posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, limbic system, and third ventricle.
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| The thalamus | is a relay station for a majority of information that goes to the cerebral cortex. It coordinates sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement.
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| The hypothalamus | receives information from the autonomic nervous system and assists in regulating hormones.
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| hypothalamus | controls functions such as eating, sexual behavior, and sleeping. It regulates body temperature, the adrenal glands, the pituitary gland, and many other vital activities.
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| The cerebellum | is located at the posterior of the brain below the occipital lobes and is separated from the cerebrum by the tentorium.
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| The cerebellum is responsible for . | fine tuning of movement and assists with maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of the limbs in space
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| The cerebellum controls | the ability to perform rapid alternating movements.
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| The fourth ventricle | lies anterior to the cerebellum.
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| Damage to one side of the cerebellum will produce impairment to | the same side of the body.
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| The cerebrum, | which encompasses the major portion of the brain, is divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
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| The two hemispheres are joined at the bottom by the | corpus callosum which relays information from one side of the brain to the other.
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| The surface of the cerebrum contains | billions of neurons and glia that form the cerebral cortex.
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| The outer surface of the cerebrum is termed | grey matter and below that is the white matter.
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| Sulci and fissures demark certain areas of | the brain called lobes.
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| Each lobe is responsible | for different functions.
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| The frontal lobe is responsible for | voluntary movement (primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus), intellect, orientation, Broca's area, speech, behavior, concentration, personality, temper.
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| The parietal lobe | receives information from other areas of the brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory, memory; provides meaning for objects
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| The right side of the temporal lobe is responsible for | visual memory and assists in recognition of objects and people's faces.
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| The left side temporal lobe is responsible for | verbal and general memory and assists with understanding language.
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| The rear of the temporal lobe enables humans to | interpret other people's emotions and reactions.
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| The occipital lobe receives and processes | visual information, colors, and shapes.
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| Meninges describe . | the three layers of connective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. There are blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the meninges
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| dura mater: | outer most meninge, has four folds, lines the periosteum of the skull and protects the brain
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| arachnoid: | the middle meninge, the arachnoid surrounds the brain in a loose manner
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| pia mater: | inner most meninge, covers the contours of the brain, forms the choroid plexus in the ventricular system
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| epidural space: | space occupied between the skull and outer dura mater
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| subdural space: | space occupied between the dura and arachnoid meninges
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| subarachnoid space: | space occupied between the arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF and the circulatory system for the cerebral cortex
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| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | is a clear fluid-like substance found within the brain that cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury.
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| CSF is produced | and found within the ventricles of the brain.
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| The choroid plexus within each ventricle | is responsible for CSF production.
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| The ventricular system is designed to | protect and nourish the brain; comprised of four ventricles and multiple foramen that allow the passage of CSF.
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| The basal ganglia consist of | five major nuclei located in the cerebrum and are responsible for cognition, voluntary movement, and control of motor responses.
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