cardio 9 vitals
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| Target heart rate formula: | a method for obtaining an appropriate demand on the heart during exercise.
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| The age-adjusted maximum heart rate is determined by | subtracting the patientʼs age from 220.
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| The training heart rate | is determined by multiplying the age-adjusted maximum heart rate by the appropriate percentage of intensity that the patient should maintain during exercise.
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| Normal training intensity ranges | from 60-90% of the age-adjusted maximum heart rate.
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| A patient with cardiac pathology must have exercise intensity determined from | the results of a stress test.
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| The Karvonen formula | is a method to obtain an appropriate range for training heart rate.
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| Karvonen formula 1 The maximum heart rate is obtained . | by an exercise stress test (or the age-adjusted maximum heart rate) and the resting heart rate is subtracted from it. This number is termed the heart rate reserve
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| Karvonen formula 2 The heart rate reserve | is multiplied by both ends of the prescribed range (e.g., HR reserve x 60% and HR reserve x 80%). The resting heart rate is then added to each of the two numbers to identify the upper and lower limits of the prescribed target heart rate.
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| Carotid pulse location | Anterior to sternocleidomastoid
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| Brachial pulse location | Medial aspect of arm midway between shoulder and elbow
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| Radial pulse location | At wrist, lateral to flexor carpi radialis tendon
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| Ulnar pulse location | At wrist, between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris tendons
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| Femoral pulse location | In femoral triangle (sartorius, adductor longus, and inguinal ligament)
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| Popliteal pulse location | Posterior aspect of knee (deep and hard to palpate)
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| Posterior tibial pulse location | Posterior aspect of medial malleolus
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| Dorsalis pedis pulse location | Between first and second metatarsal bones on superior aspect of the foot
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| Heart rate indirectly measures | the rate of contraction of the left ventricle through a peripheral pulse site.
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| Normal heart rate values for Infant: | 100 to 130 bpm
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| Normal heart rate values for Child: | 80 to 100 bpm
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| Normal heart rate values for Adult: | 60 to 100 bpm
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| Pulse sites for measurement include: | brachial, carotid, dorsal pedal, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, radial, and temporal pulses. The carotid and radial pulse sites are the most common sites for measuring a patientʼs pulse rate.
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| A regular and strong heart beat may be taken | for 15 seconds and multiplied by four to obtain the per minute heart rate
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| If there is any form of irregularity the pulse should be taken for a full 60 seconds | the pulse should be taken for a full 60 seconds
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| Use the index and | middle fingers to measure the heart rate, never the thumb
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| Assess and document | the rhythm as regular or irregular the strength or amplitude of the pulse as strong, medium or weak
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| An alternate method to obtain heart rate is to | auscultate over the apical pulse for one minute
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| S1 | “lub” mitral and tricuspid valves closing at the onset of systole
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| S2 | “dub” aortic and pulmonic valves closing at the onset of diastole
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| S3 | (ventricular gallop) abnormal in older adults; noncompliant left ventricle; may be associated with congestive heart failure
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| S4 | Pathological sound of vibration of the ventricular wall with ventricular filling and atrial contraction; may be associated with hypertension, stenosis, hypertensive heart disease or myocardial infarction
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