Networking Essentials
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| In this chapter you will learn about | Hardware devices used for networking
Different types of networks
protocols and standards Windows uses for networking
How to connect a computer to a network
Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections.
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| The focus of this chapter is to prepare you so that you can assume total responsibility for supporting both wired and wireless networks in a small-office-home-office(SOHO)environment. |
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| A+ Exam Tip | All the content in this chapter applies toward the networking objectives of the A+ 220-701 Essentials, expects you to know about networking terms, concepts, protocols, and hardware, and how to connect a computer to an existing network
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| Networking Technologies | when two or more computers can communicate with each other
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| When networks are categorized by size or physical area they cover, these categories are used: | PAN(personal area network)-personal devices at close range such as a cell phone, PDA, and notebook
LAN(local area network)-small local area such as a home, office, other building, or small group of building.
WAN(Wireless LAN)-covers a limited geographic
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| Network Categories(cont'd) | MAN-metropolitan area network)-covers a large campus or city
WAN(Wireless area network)-covers a large geographical area and is made up of many smaller networks.
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| A+ Exam tip | The A+220-701 Essentials expects you to know about LAN and WAN
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| Bandwidth | Is the theoretical number of bits that can be transmitted over a network at one time and is measured in bits per second(bps)
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| Data throughput | The actual speed of a network
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| Latency | Delays in network transmissions
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| Internet Service Provider(ISP) | Company that may be used to connect a network to the Internet
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| A+ Exam Tip | A+ 220-701 Essentials exam expect you to be able to compare and contrast these network types: Dial-up,DSL,Cable,Satellite,fiber,802.11,Bluetooth,and cellular
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| Network Technologies and their Uses |
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| Bluetooth 2.0 | Common Uses-Short range wireless technology used for a PAN(personal area network)
Maximum speed-Up to 2 Mbps
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| GSM Mobile phone service | Common Uses-Cellular wireless technology used for voice and data transmission over mobile phones
Maximum speed-Up to 3 Mbps
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| CDMA Mobile phone service | Common Uses-Cellular wireless technology use for mobile phones
Maximum speed-Up to 3 Mbps
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| G3 mobile phone sevice | Common uses-Cellular mobile phone technology allows for transmitting data, video, and text.
Maximum speed-Up to 2.4 Mbps
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| Wi-Fi 802.11b wireless | First 802.11 standard that was widely used but is being replaced by 802.11g and n
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| Bluetooth 3.0 | Common uses-Latest bluetooth standard just released that is not yet available in devices
Maximum speed-Up to 24 Mbps
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| Wi-Fi 802.11a wireless | Common uses-shorter range than 802.11b but is faster
Maximum speed-54 Mbps
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| Wi-Fi 802.11g wireless | Common uses-compatible with and replacing 802.11b
Maximum speed-Up to 54 Mbps
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| 802.16 wireless(WIMAX) | Common uses-Offers ranges up to 6 miles
Maximum speed-up to 75 Mbps
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| 802.11n wireless | Common Uses-Latest Wi-Fi technology
Maximum speed-Up to 160 Mbps
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| Wire Networks |
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| Dial-up or regular telephone(POTS,for plain old telephone service) | Slow access to an ISP using a modem and dual-up connection
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| SDSL(Symmetric Digital Subsciber Line) | Common Uses-Equal bandwidth in both directions. SDSL is a type of broadband technology.(Broadband refers to a networking technology that carries more than one type of signal, such as DSL and Telephone)
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| ASDL(asymmetric DSL) | Most bandwidth is from ISP to user. Slower versions of ASDL are called ASDL Lite or DSL. ISP customers pay according to a bandwidth scale
Maximum speed-640 Kbps upstream and up to 8 Mbps downstream
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| Ethernet | Slowest Ethernet network, replaced by Fast Ethernet. Variations of Ethernet are used for almost all local networks.
Maximum speed-10 Mbps
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| Cable Modem | Connects a home or small business to an ISP; is usually purchased with cable television subscription. Cable modem is a type of broadband technology that is used in conjunction with television on the same cable.Fiber-optic cable gives highest speeds
Maxim
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| Dedicated line using fiber optic | Dedicated line from ISP to business or home. Speeds vary with price
Maximum speed-up to 20 Mbps upstream and 50 Mbps downstream
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| T3 | Dedicated lines used by large companies that require a lot of bandwidth and transmit extensive amounts of data
Maximum speed-45 Mbps
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| VDSL(very-high-bit-rate DSL) | Lates version of DSL is asymmetric DSL that works only for a short distance
Maximum speed-up to 52 Mbps
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| Fast Ethernet | Used for local networks
Maximum speed-100 Mbps
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| Gigabit Ethernet | Fastest Ethernet standard for a local network
Maximum speed-1 Gbps
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| 10-Gigabit Ethernet | Newest Ethernet standard expected to largely replace SONET,OC, and, ATM because of its speed simplicity, and lower cost.
maximum speed-10 Gpbs
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| OC-1,OC-3,OC-24, up to OC-3072 | Optical Carrier Levels(OCx) used for Internet backbones; they use fiber-optic cabling
Maximum speed-52 Mbps, 155 Mbps,1.23 Gbps, 160 Gbps
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| SONET(Sycnhronous Optical Network) | Major backbones built using fiber-optic cabling make use of different OC levels
Maximum speed-up to 160
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