Chap 11 & 12 word1
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| Air gap | a space between the patient and the film; used to reduce scatter (a large OID)
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| Back scatter | scatter that is directed back toward the x-ray tube
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| Coherent scatter (Thompson scatter) | interaction takes place at relatively low energy levels (below 10 keV). When the incoming photon is absorbed by the atom, the becomes excited, the excited atom produces a new x-ray photon but in a new direction and has the same energy and wavelength.
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| Compton effect | Incoming x-ray photon interacts with an outer shell electron of an atom ejecting it from the atom and then proceeds in a different direction. The majority of the photon’s energy is converted into a new photon and has less energy and longer wavelength
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| Crosshatch grid | a composite of two grid s with the lead strips at right angle to each other
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| Focal range | the range of distance with in which the grid will not absorb an undue amount of useful radiation
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| Focused grid | lead strips are aligned to the direction of the diverging primary x-ray beam, is precisely aligned to the to the x-ray beam at specific SID
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| Grid | a device placed between the patient and the IR to reduce radiation fog; consists of closely placed lead strips aligned side by side
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| Variable kVp chart | technique chart in which the mAs is constant and kVp changes per patient size
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| Grid cutoff | excessive absorption of useful radiation by the grid and appears as decreased radiographic density on one side of the image
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| Grid frequency | the number of lead strips per inch
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| Grid ratio | the effectiveness of a grid, the relationship between the height of the lead strip to the width of the inner space material
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| Parallel grid | a grid in which the lead strips are parallel; to each other and can be used for very long SID
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| Photoelectric effect | the x-ray photon is totally absorbed in the body tissue; the incoming energy is an x-ray photon interacting with an atom in the body rather than an electron interacting with tungsten anode
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| Characteristic photon | x-ray photon that is produced by the photoelectric effect
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| Secondary radiation | radiation produced by the photoelectric effect
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| Stationary grid | a high frequency grid that does not move
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| Technique chart | a listing of various radiographic techniques for procedures done with all the exposure factors for each body part according to thickness. Includes type of exam projection, screen type, SID and part
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| Compensating filter | specially designed filter that is used for areas of uneven densities to attenuate x-ray beam to improve detail
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| Fixed kVp chart | a technique chart where the kVp remains the same (optimum range) and the mAs varies
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| Coned-down image | a radiograph of a very small area of subject; a specific area of interest is centered to the field
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| Grid cassette | a special cassette with a grid built into the front side; typically have lower ratios than the grid
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| Grid lines | image of the grid itself, the strips used in a grid that absorbs radiation is seen on the radiograph
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| Grid radius | the SID in which the primary beam is precisely aligned to the x-ray beam
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| Scatter radiation | radiation hits an object (atom) and changes direction
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| Caliper | tool used for body part measurement usually in cm
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| Optimum kVp | the highest kVp setting that is sufficient to adequately penetrate the part regardless if size and will produce sufficient contrast for acceptable image quality
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| Radiographic phantom | a human skeleton or portion of a skeleton, encased in a plastic material that is similar in density to human tissue
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| Bucky | grid inside the table for taking x-rays
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| Potter-bucky | the moving grid inside of the x-ray table that prevents grid lines/ is interchanged with the bucky.
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