Here are terms that will most likely show up on the upcoming assessment!!!
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| abiotic | nonliving factors, e.g. light, temperature, wind patterns, rocks, soil, pH, pressure, etc. in an environment
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| biotic | living or once living factors, e.g. trees, butterflies, cats, bacteria
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| adaptation | a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment or reproduce
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| asexual reproduction | reproduction in which an organism produces one or more copies of itself, such as by fission or budding
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| asteroids | small rocky bodies, about 1,000 km or less in diameter, in space often found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
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| atmosphere | the mixture of gases surrounding Earth and other planets
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| atom | the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination
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| balanced forces | equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions, the object does not move
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| biological diversity | the range of natural variety of species in an ecosystem (biodiversity)
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| biosphere | the part of the world in which life can exist
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| cell | the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all organisms
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| cell theory | theory that all known living things are made up of cells, the cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things, and all living cells come from pre-existing cells
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| chemical change | process in which substances are changed into one or more different products
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| chemical energy | a form of potential energy in which energy is stored in chemical bonds; e.g. energy stored in a battery or food
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| comet | a small body composed of ice and rock that travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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| compound | a substance made of a combination of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds that cannot be separated by physical means
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| condensation | process of a gas changing to a liquid, such as water vapor into water droplets
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| conduction | the transfer of energy by direct contact, from one substance to another
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| constructive processes | processes that build up landforms on Earth’s surface such as crust formation, volcanoes, and sediment deposition
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| continental drift | the gradual movement of continents by tectonic plates under Earth’s surface which causes land masses to move toward or away from one another
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| convection | heat transfer by moving particles in fluids, and the thermal energy that they carry
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| decomposer | an organism that eats dead or decaying matter
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| dependent variable | the factor measured or observed to obtain results (sometimes referred to as the responding variable), usually graphed on the y-axis
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| deposition | when sediments are carried by wind or water and are deposited in a new location
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| destructive processes | process that breaks down landforms on Earth’s surface such as weathering and erosion
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| electrical energy | energy that results from the change in motion or position of electrical charges
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| element | one of the known chemical substances that cannot be broken down further without changing its chemical properties
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| evaporation | the process of a liquid changing into a vapor or gas
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| evolution | change over time
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| force | push or pull that changes the motion or shape of an object
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| fossil fuels | fuel derived from ancient organic remains; e.g. peat, coal, crude oil, natural gas
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| genotype | the genes that an organism possesses for a particular trait- genotype is not just the expressed gene; instead, it includes any recessive genes masked by the dominant gene of a coded pair
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| geosphere | the solid portion of Earth including landforms, rocks, minerals and soil, as well as the interior
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| global warming | the gradual increase of the temperature of Earth's lower atmosphere as a result of the increase in greenhouse gases
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| greenhouse effect | warming of Earth's atmosphere attributing to a build up of carbon dioxide or other gases
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| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring by genes
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| hydrosphere | all water on Earth
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| hypothesis | a testable explanation for an observation or scientific problem
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| igneous rock | forms as molten rock cools and becomes solid
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| independent variable | the one factor in an experiment that is determined and changed by the experimenter (sometimes referred to as the manipulated variable), usually graphed on the x-axis
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| inertia | the resistance of an object to a change in the speed or direction of its motion
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| innate response | an organism's natural reaction to a stimulus
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| kinetic energy | energy of motion
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| levels of organization | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
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| lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
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| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space
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| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object
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| meiosis | the process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
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| metamorphic rock | preexisting rock that is restructured by high temperature and pressure
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| mitosis | stage of the cell's life cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
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| nonrenewable resource | a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed; e.g. oil
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| ozone layer | layer of atmosphere composed mainly of ozone (O3) 19-48 km above Earth that shields Earth from most of the sun's ultraviolet rays
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| phenotype | physical or visible characteristics of an organism that are determined by its alleles
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| photosynthesis | chemical process in which a plant cell or protist uses energy from sunlight along with carbon dioxide and water to produce food (glucose) and oxygen
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| potential energy | stored energy, energy of position
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| precipitation | any form of water that falls from the clouds; e.g. rain, snow, hail, sleet
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| producer | any organism such as a plant or protist that is able to make food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
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| proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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| neutron | subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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| radiation | energy transfer without direct contact, as in the transport of heat from the sun to Earth
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| reflect | to bounce back (e.g. light) from a surface
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| refract | the bending of waves (light) as they enter a different medium
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| renewable resource | a natural resource that is capable of replenishing; e.g. solar, wind
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| response | an action following a stimulus
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| revolution | the movement of an object around another, central object; e.g. Earth revolves around the sun
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| rift valley | a valley that develops when two tectonic plates move apart and the land in the middle drops down
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| Ring of Fire | an area associated with plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean that has a large amount of volcanic and earthquake activity
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| rotation | the turning of an object on its central axis
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| sedimentary | rock formed from fragments and mineral grains of varying sizes from pre-existing rocks, remains or products of organisms, the products of chemical action, or a mixture of these
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| sexual reproduction | producing a new generation by the combining male and female sex cells
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| simple machine | a machine with few or no moving parts that provides a mechanical advantage and can be combined to make other machines
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| species | a group of organisms that are capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring
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| stimulus | something that causes a response
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| transpiration | the passing of water through a plant from the roots through the vascular system to the atmosphere
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| weathering | process by which materials change when exposed to conditions at or near Earth's
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| work | force exerted on an object causing it to move a distance
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