Skull anatomy lecture 1
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| The sutures of the skull are classified as_______and allow____movement | synarthroidal,no
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| The bones of the cranium form by_____while the facial forms by_____ | interosseous, endochondrial
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| Bones of the skull begin as rod-like groups of cells called | notochord
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| this allows the head to overlap during child birth | fontanelles
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| fontanellesare replaced as bone and eventually form_______ | sutures
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| The two primary fontanelles are____&_____ | Anterior/Bregma and Posterior/Lambda
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| How many bones form the cranium/calvarium/cranial cavity | 8 bones
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| How many bones form the facial/Visceral skeleton | 14 bones
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| hydrocephalus | frontanelle bulge from increased fluid
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| 4 bones that are classified as flat bones | frontal bones, 2 parietal bones, and occipital bones
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| The three layers that form the flat bones are | outer/compact, middle/cancellous(diploe), inner/compact
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| middle layer of flat bone | diploe
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| Meningeal grooves | inner surface of flat bone forming the cranium, narrow branch-like grooves
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| Sulci | large channels or ditches which lodge blood vessels
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| Irregular Bones cranial bones include | sphenoid(butterfly), ethmoid(little projection), 2 temporal bones(project off wings of butterfly)
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| List the 8 bones that form the Carium | frontal, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid
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| frontal bone location | forehead
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| ethmoid bone location | in superior nasal cavity
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| 2 parietal bone locations | lateral superior sides of cranium
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| occipital bone location | posterior base of skull
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| sphenoid bone location | anterior and middle section of base of skull
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| Which 4 bones form the base of the skull | occipital, sphenoid, 2 temporal bones
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| what are all the names for the skull | brain case/ cranial cavity/ calvarian/ cranium
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| what are all the names for the facial skeleton | facial skeleton/ visceral skeleton
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| name the 14 bones which for the facial skeleton | 2 maxillary, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 zygomatic, 2 inferior nasal conache, 2 palatines, manidible and vomer
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| location of 2 maxillary bones | upper jaw and nasal/lower cheek area)
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| location of lacrimals | inside of eye/tear duct
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| location of nasal bones | on top of nose
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| location of zygomatic | cheek bones
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| 2 inferior nasal conaches | curly cue-scrolls inferior aspect nasal cavity
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| 2 palatines | upper roof of mout, superoposterior portion of hard palate in oral cavity and portions of posterior nasal and orbital cavities
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| mandible | lower jaw
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| vomer location | divides nose into two chambers
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| wherever maxilla goes....______goes. they are the only bones that form the oro,naso,orbital cavity | palatine goes
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| hyoid bone extends off from______ of the _____bone | styloid process, temporal
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| The MIDDLE ear, the auditory ossicles which is part of the_____bone | temporal
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| 3 auditory ossicles in each ear are | malleus(hammer), Incus(anvil), Stapes(stirrup)
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| Name the 5 regions/house of the skull | frontal/anterior, lateral walls, roof/vortex, posterior wall, base/floor
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| which bones form the roof/vortex | frontal and parital bones
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| anterior wall/frontal wall formed by | frontal bone
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| which bones form the lateral wall of cranium | parital and temporal
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| what bone forms the posterior wall | occipital
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| The major 4 sutures of the skull are | sagittal, coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal
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| The 7 minor sutures include | asterion, pterion, frontozygomatico, zygomaticotemporal, frontomaxillaris, zygomatico-maxillaris, frontonasal
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| What is the densest structure of the skull and this is the largest fifference in skull shape/type | the Petrous Ridges
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| What are the three general skull classifications | Mesocephalic(caucasian), Bracheycephalic(asian) Dolichocephailc(african)
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| Mesocephailc is __cm at it widest point, __cm at its longest point and__cm at its deepest | 15cm, 19cm, 23 cm
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| The angle of the Petrous Ridges on Mesocephailc | 45-47 MSP degrees
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| Describe the Brachycephalic and angle | short front to back, wide side to side, MSP 54 degrees
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| Describe the Dolichocephalic Skull | narrow, internal structure lower, denser skull so small increase in exp. factors. 40 degrees MSP
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| The petrous ridges lie at the level of | top of ear attachment
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| smooth rounded prominence between eyebrows | Glabella
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| junction of the nose and upper lip | Acanthion
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| bridge of nose, where nasal bone articulates with the frontal bone | Nasion
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| ridge of bone covered by the eyebrow | superciliary arch
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| bump of knowledge | INION,bump on posterior surface of occipital bone also called External Occipital Protuberance, Bump of Knowledge and Inion
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| Angle of the Mandible | Gonion(where horizontal portion of mandible ascends vertically)
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| Bump on the temporal bone posterior to EAM | Mastoid Process
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| Bumpin the center of te chin | mental point
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| Lateral junction of the eyelids | outer canthus
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| medial junction of the eyelids | inner canthus
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| cartiliginous flap of ear | auricle/pinna
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| external opening to the ear | EAM external auditory meatus
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| TEA | top of ear attachment
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| Lip like structure in from of EAM | tragus
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| Superior rim of orbit | supraorbital margin
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| Inferior rim of orbit | infraorbital margin
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| line connecting Acanthion and EAM | Acanthiomeatal line
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| line connecting Glabella and EAM | Glabellomeatal line
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| there is a __degree difference between the orbitomeatal line(OML) and the Glabellomeatal line | 8 degree, know cuz some patients cant tip their head down
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| Line connecting the pupils of the eye | Interpupillary line ( level of Nasion)
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| Radiographic Baseline_____(we use this the most)Also referred to as_____ | Infraorbitalmeatal line (IOML) Reids Baseline
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| Line form the outer canthus of the eye to the EAM___also referred to as ____also as_____ | orbitomeatal line/radiographic baseline/ canthomeatal line
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| there is a __degree difference between the orbitomeatal line and infraorbitomeatal line | 7 degree difference
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| What are the two portions of the frontal bone | Squamous/vertical portion:forehead Horizontal:roof of the orbits
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| Two rounded elevations on external bone on either side of MSP | frontal eminences
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| ridge of bone that corresponds to position of eyebrows | supercilliary arch
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| ridge of bone that forms the superior rim of orbits | SOM supraorbital margin
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| opening for nerves and arteries in frontal bone | supraorbital notch/foramen
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| small pointed process which articulates w/ethmoid to help form a small portion of the Bony Nasal Septum | Nsal Spine
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| Small lateral processes at outer rim of superior orbit which articulate w/ the Zygoma | Zygomatic proccesses
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| Depressions above the supercilliary arches | supraorbital groove
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| Frontal Sinuses are located | one on either side of the MSP, creating a sinus cavity in the vertical/squamous portion of the frontal bone
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| Thin plates of bone which form the superior/roof of each orbit of the frotal bone | Orbital/Horizontal Plates
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| The space between the Orbital Plates of the Frontal Bone is called the | Ethmoid notch
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| Sponge like, cube shaped bone between two orbits | Ethmoid
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| Four portions of Ethmoid are | Cribiform Plate, Perpendicular Plate, LAteral masses/Labyrnths, Nasal Conchae
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| The perforated portion of Ethmoid for transmission of the Olfactory nerves is called the | Cribiform Plate
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| The two vertical projections on the Ethmoid are | Cribiform and Peroendicular Plate
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| A superior vertical projection on cribiform which resembles a roosters comb is ___, this is an attachment site for____ | Crista Galli, Flax Cerebri(fold of dura mater)
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| On the either side of Cribiform plate, forms the medial walls of the orbit and lateral walls of the nasal cavity | Lateral masses/labyrinths
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| The Etmoid Sinuses are located in the | Lateral Masses/Labyrinths
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| Scroll like processes on the walls of the lateral masses | nasal concahes
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| Nasal conchaes are collectively called | Turbinates
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| The purpose of the Turbinates is to | warm/filter external air
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| The_____of the_____and the_____ form the bony nasal septum | perpendicular plate, ethmoid, vomer
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| The widest portion of the skul lies between | Parietal Eminences
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| Parietal Bones | 2 square shaped bones, forms the posterior and and superior roof of the cranium
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| The two parietal bones join together to form | the sagittal suture
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| Rounded bumps on lateral aspect of each parietal bone | parietal eminence
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| List the four borders of the parietal bones | sagittal border, frontal border, occipital border, squamous border
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| List the four angles of the Parietal Bones | Bregma-Frontal Angle(sag meets coronal suture), Lambda-Occipital Angle(sag meets lambdoidal suture), Mastoid Angle(parietals meet mastoid portion of temp. bone), Sphenoid Angle(parietals meet greater wing of sphenoid)
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| Inner surface of parietal bone is concave and has small grooves called____which are for_____ | meningeal grooves, meninggeal vessels
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| Pacchionian Bodies are | depressions for arachnoid granulations near the sagittl suture
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