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Skull Anatomy L1
Skull anatomy lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The sutures of the skull are classified as_______and allow____movement | synarthroidal,no |
| The bones of the cranium form by_____while the facial forms by_____ | interosseous, endochondrial |
| Bones of the skull begin as rod-like groups of cells called | notochord |
| this allows the head to overlap during child birth | fontanelles |
| fontanellesare replaced as bone and eventually form_______ | sutures |
| The two primary fontanelles are____&_____ | Anterior/Bregma and Posterior/Lambda |
| How many bones form the cranium/calvarium/cranial cavity | 8 bones |
| How many bones form the facial/Visceral skeleton | 14 bones |
| hydrocephalus | frontanelle bulge from increased fluid |
| 4 bones that are classified as flat bones | frontal bones, 2 parietal bones, and occipital bones |
| The three layers that form the flat bones are | outer/compact, middle/cancellous(diploe), inner/compact |
| middle layer of flat bone | diploe |
| Meningeal grooves | inner surface of flat bone forming the cranium, narrow branch-like grooves |
| Sulci | large channels or ditches which lodge blood vessels |
| Irregular Bones cranial bones include | sphenoid(butterfly), ethmoid(little projection), 2 temporal bones(project off wings of butterfly) |
| List the 8 bones that form the Carium | frontal, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid |
| frontal bone location | forehead |
| ethmoid bone location | in superior nasal cavity |
| 2 parietal bone locations | lateral superior sides of cranium |
| occipital bone location | posterior base of skull |
| sphenoid bone location | anterior and middle section of base of skull |
| Which 4 bones form the base of the skull | occipital, sphenoid, 2 temporal bones |
| what are all the names for the skull | brain case/ cranial cavity/ calvarian/ cranium |
| what are all the names for the facial skeleton | facial skeleton/ visceral skeleton |
| name the 14 bones which for the facial skeleton | 2 maxillary, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 zygomatic, 2 inferior nasal conache, 2 palatines, manidible and vomer |
| location of 2 maxillary bones | upper jaw and nasal/lower cheek area) |
| location of lacrimals | inside of eye/tear duct |
| location of nasal bones | on top of nose |
| location of zygomatic | cheek bones |
| 2 inferior nasal conaches | curly cue-scrolls inferior aspect nasal cavity |
| 2 palatines | upper roof of mout, superoposterior portion of hard palate in oral cavity and portions of posterior nasal and orbital cavities |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| vomer location | divides nose into two chambers |
| wherever maxilla goes....______goes. they are the only bones that form the oro,naso,orbital cavity | palatine goes |
| hyoid bone extends off from______ of the _____bone | styloid process, temporal |
| The MIDDLE ear, the auditory ossicles which is part of the_____bone | temporal |
| 3 auditory ossicles in each ear are | malleus(hammer), Incus(anvil), Stapes(stirrup) |
| Name the 5 regions/house of the skull | frontal/anterior, lateral walls, roof/vortex, posterior wall, base/floor |
| which bones form the roof/vortex | frontal and parital bones |
| anterior wall/frontal wall formed by | frontal bone |
| which bones form the lateral wall of cranium | parital and temporal |
| what bone forms the posterior wall | occipital |
| The major 4 sutures of the skull are | sagittal, coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal |
| The 7 minor sutures include | asterion, pterion, frontozygomatico, zygomaticotemporal, frontomaxillaris, zygomatico-maxillaris, frontonasal |
| What is the densest structure of the skull and this is the largest fifference in skull shape/type | the Petrous Ridges |
| What are the three general skull classifications | Mesocephalic(caucasian), Bracheycephalic(asian) Dolichocephailc(african) |
| Mesocephailc is __cm at it widest point, __cm at its longest point and__cm at its deepest | 15cm, 19cm, 23 cm |
| The angle of the Petrous Ridges on Mesocephailc | 45-47 MSP degrees |
| Describe the Brachycephalic and angle | short front to back, wide side to side, MSP 54 degrees |
| Describe the Dolichocephalic Skull | narrow, internal structure lower, denser skull so small increase in exp. factors. 40 degrees MSP |
| The petrous ridges lie at the level of | top of ear attachment |
| smooth rounded prominence between eyebrows | Glabella |
| junction of the nose and upper lip | Acanthion |
| bridge of nose, where nasal bone articulates with the frontal bone | Nasion |
| ridge of bone covered by the eyebrow | superciliary arch |
| bump of knowledge | INION,bump on posterior surface of occipital bone also called External Occipital Protuberance, Bump of Knowledge and Inion |
| Angle of the Mandible | Gonion(where horizontal portion of mandible ascends vertically) |
| Bump on the temporal bone posterior to EAM | Mastoid Process |
| Bumpin the center of te chin | mental point |
| Lateral junction of the eyelids | outer canthus |
| medial junction of the eyelids | inner canthus |
| cartiliginous flap of ear | auricle/pinna |
| external opening to the ear | EAM external auditory meatus |
| TEA | top of ear attachment |
| Lip like structure in from of EAM | tragus |
| Superior rim of orbit | supraorbital margin |
| Inferior rim of orbit | infraorbital margin |
| line connecting Acanthion and EAM | Acanthiomeatal line |
| line connecting Glabella and EAM | Glabellomeatal line |
| there is a __degree difference between the orbitomeatal line(OML) and the Glabellomeatal line | 8 degree, know cuz some patients cant tip their head down |
| Line connecting the pupils of the eye | Interpupillary line ( level of Nasion) |
| Radiographic Baseline_____(we use this the most)Also referred to as_____ | Infraorbitalmeatal line (IOML) Reids Baseline |
| Line form the outer canthus of the eye to the EAM___also referred to as ____also as_____ | orbitomeatal line/radiographic baseline/ canthomeatal line |
| there is a __degree difference between the orbitomeatal line and infraorbitomeatal line | 7 degree difference |
| What are the two portions of the frontal bone | Squamous/vertical portion:forehead Horizontal:roof of the orbits |
| Two rounded elevations on external bone on either side of MSP | frontal eminences |
| ridge of bone that corresponds to position of eyebrows | supercilliary arch |
| ridge of bone that forms the superior rim of orbits | SOM supraorbital margin |
| opening for nerves and arteries in frontal bone | supraorbital notch/foramen |
| small pointed process which articulates w/ethmoid to help form a small portion of the Bony Nasal Septum | Nsal Spine |
| Small lateral processes at outer rim of superior orbit which articulate w/ the Zygoma | Zygomatic proccesses |
| Depressions above the supercilliary arches | supraorbital groove |
| Frontal Sinuses are located | one on either side of the MSP, creating a sinus cavity in the vertical/squamous portion of the frontal bone |
| Thin plates of bone which form the superior/roof of each orbit of the frotal bone | Orbital/Horizontal Plates |
| The space between the Orbital Plates of the Frontal Bone is called the | Ethmoid notch |
| Sponge like, cube shaped bone between two orbits | Ethmoid |
| Four portions of Ethmoid are | Cribiform Plate, Perpendicular Plate, LAteral masses/Labyrnths, Nasal Conchae |
| The perforated portion of Ethmoid for transmission of the Olfactory nerves is called the | Cribiform Plate |
| The two vertical projections on the Ethmoid are | Cribiform and Peroendicular Plate |
| A superior vertical projection on cribiform which resembles a roosters comb is ___, this is an attachment site for____ | Crista Galli, Flax Cerebri(fold of dura mater) |
| On the either side of Cribiform plate, forms the medial walls of the orbit and lateral walls of the nasal cavity | Lateral masses/labyrinths |
| The Etmoid Sinuses are located in the | Lateral Masses/Labyrinths |
| Scroll like processes on the walls of the lateral masses | nasal concahes |
| Nasal conchaes are collectively called | Turbinates |
| The purpose of the Turbinates is to | warm/filter external air |
| The_____of the_____and the_____ form the bony nasal septum | perpendicular plate, ethmoid, vomer |
| The widest portion of the skul lies between | Parietal Eminences |
| Parietal Bones | 2 square shaped bones, forms the posterior and and superior roof of the cranium |
| The two parietal bones join together to form | the sagittal suture |
| Rounded bumps on lateral aspect of each parietal bone | parietal eminence |
| List the four borders of the parietal bones | sagittal border, frontal border, occipital border, squamous border |
| List the four angles of the Parietal Bones | Bregma-Frontal Angle(sag meets coronal suture), Lambda-Occipital Angle(sag meets lambdoidal suture), Mastoid Angle(parietals meet mastoid portion of temp. bone), Sphenoid Angle(parietals meet greater wing of sphenoid) |
| Inner surface of parietal bone is concave and has small grooves called____which are for_____ | meningeal grooves, meninggeal vessels |
| Pacchionian Bodies are | depressions for arachnoid granulations near the sagittl suture |
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