Geology100
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| Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? | In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.
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| Which of the following is NOT a fundamental particle found in atoms? | selectron
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| Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________. | protons in the nucleus
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| Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________. | ions
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| Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element? | The atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons.
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| What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature? | diamond
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| Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas? | calcite
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| Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen? | quartz
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| Which of the following minerals is a silicate? | feldspar
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| A cubic centimeter of quartz, olivine, and gold weighs 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams respectively. This indicates that ________. | gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine
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| Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure? | micas
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| The ion at the center of a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ________. | four oxygen ions
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| The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ________. | hardness
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| All silicate minerals contain which two elements? | silicon, oxygen
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| Which mineral is easily soluble in water at room temperature conditions? | halite
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| What element is the most abundant in the Earth's crust by weight? | oxygen
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| The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________. | cleavage
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| An atom's mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? | 7
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| Which one of the following is NOT true for minerals? | They can be a liquid, solid, or glass.
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| Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth's crust? | silicates
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| Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus? | protons
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| Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? | gold
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| Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? | luster
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| The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ________. | color
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| Which of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in the Earth's crust? | carbon
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| Mineral deposits which have been identified and can be extracted profitably are called ________. | reserves
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| Electron-atom-proton-neutron | atom
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| Hardness-streak-luster-cleavage | luster
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| Quartz-olivine-feldspar-calcite | calcite
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| Oxygen-sulfur-aluminum-iron | sulfur
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| All minerals exhibit cleavage. | False
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| Rocks are aggregates of two or more minerals. | True
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| Mineral luster is broadly classified as either being metallic or opaque. | False
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| Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons | True
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| Most minerals have a higher specific gravity than water. | True
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| In the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, there are more silicon atoms than oxygen atoms. | False
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| More than 100 elements are currently known. | True
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| All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. | True
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| A mineral can be composed entirely of one element. | True
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| Diamond and quartz are both minerals composed of a single element. | False
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| The micas, biotite and muscovite, both exhibit one direction of cleavage. | True
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| Nonmetallic minerals like halite and gypsum have no industrial uses. | False
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| Nearly 4000 minerals have been named. | True
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| Isotopes of the same element have the same mass number. | False
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| As the rate of cooling increases, the size of the crystals that form ________. | Decreases
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| Bowen's reaction series predicts the sizes of the different mineral grains that grow from crystallizing magmas. | True
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| Olivine and quartz are commonly found together in the same rock. | False
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| One magma can produce several different igneous rocks having different mineral compositions. | True
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| Basalt is the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro. | True
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| Glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools too fast for mineral grains to grow. | True
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