fluid and electrolytes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Normal Mg level | 1.5-2.5
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| Normal K level | 3.5-5
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| Normal Ca level | 8.5-10.5
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| S/S of hypomagnesmia | anorexia, neruo irritability, depression, disorientation
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| S/S of hypermagnesmia | flushing, hypotension, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, depressed RR, bradycardia
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| S/S of hypokalemia | fatigue, nausea, decreased GI, flat T waves on ECG, DYSRHYTHMIAS
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| S/S of hyperkalemia | DYSRHTHMIAS, bradycardia, msucle weakness
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| S/S of hypocalcemia | tingling, convulsions, positive Trousseau & Chvostek sign, diarrhea
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| S/S of hypercalcemia | constipation, muscle weakness, DYSRHYTHMIAS
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| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45
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| Normal CO2 | 45-35
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| Normal HCO3 | 22-26
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| Cause of resp acidosis | hypoventilation, COPD, pneumonia
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| Cause of met acid | Renal failure, shock, DKA
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| Cause of res alk | Hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation
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| Cause of met alk | Vomitting, excessive Gi suctioning, diuretics
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| What electrolyte decrease clacium level? | phosphate
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| What is the main postive cation in ICF? | potassium (K)
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| What is the main positive cation in ECF? | Sodium (Na)
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| Normal Na level | 135-145
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| S/S of hypernatremia | thirst, increase temp, dry swollen tounge, weakness, restlessness
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| S/S of hyponatremia | decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, neuro changes, abdominal pain
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| treatment for hyponatremia | restrict fluids
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| tx for hypernatremia | hypotonic solution, diuretic
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| tx for hypokalemia | incrase dietary potassium
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| tx for hyperkalemia | iv ca gluconate, kayexelate, iv reg insulin + D50
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| tx for hypermagnesmia | iv ca gluconate, loop diuretic
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| tx for hypomagnesmia | dietary
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| tx for hypocalcemia | calcium supplements
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| tx for hypercalcemia | phosphate, lasix, flush out
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| What is done to compensate for met acid | Kussmaul breathing
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| lab vaules for anemics | hgb <10, hct <36, RBC <4
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| erythropoesis | rbc production
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| hemolysis | destruction of rbc
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| neutropenia | neutrophil count <1000
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| leukopenia | wbc < 4000 or 4
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| pancytopenia | decrease rbc, wbc and platelets
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| thrombocytopenia | decrease of platelets below 150,000
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| hemophilia | sex linked defect of coag factor
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