Final Exam
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show | group that reviews regulations formulated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and decides how to include them in U.S. radiation protection criteria.
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show | method for assessing radiation exposure and associated risk of biologic damage to radiation workers and the general public; this method determines the various risks of cancer and genetic effects to tissue and organs exposed to radiation.
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occupational exposure | show 🗑
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show | The upper boundary dose of ionizing radiation that will result in a negligible risk of bodily injury or genetic damage to the recipient.
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EDE limits | show 🗑
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EDE limits during pregnancy | show 🗑
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primary radiation | show 🗑
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secondary radiation | show 🗑
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leakage radiation | show 🗑
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show | Radiation that bounces off of matter and air.
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show | Any wall toward which the primary beam may be directed. It is designed to prevent primary radiation from reaching personnel or other people on the other side of the barrier.
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secondary protective barrier | show 🗑
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What is the most common primary protective barrier? | show 🗑
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show | a sheet of lead 1/16 of an inch thick.
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What are alternative materials for primary radiation barriers? | show 🗑
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What is the the minimum height of a primary barrier? | show 🗑
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What is the intensity of scatter radiation 1 meter from the patient? | show 🗑
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show | must not exceed 100 milliroentgens per hour (2.58 x 10-5 C/kg/hr) when the tube is operated continuously at its highest current for its full potential. In most cases the leakage radiation is much less than this limit.
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secondary protective barriers | show 🗑
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What is the control booth window usually made of? | show 🗑
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Where is the control booth located in the room? | show 🗑
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Can the radiographer operate the control switch outside the control booth? | show 🗑
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show | To calculate the thickness of protective barriers, designers must consider four factors: distance, occupancy, workload , and use.
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show | The radiation-output weighted time when an x-ray generator is actually delivering radiation; specified either in units of mA seconds per week or mA minutes per week.
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inverse square law | show 🗑
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Where is the best placement of the x-ray machine? | show 🗑
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show | A factor used to modify the shielding requirements for a particular barrier by accounting for the percentage of time that the space beyond the barrier is occupied.
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show | areas occupied by members of the general public. include waiting rooms, hallways, stairways, even streets and parking lots,workspaces occupied by hospital employees not trained to work with radiation, employee restrooms, and storage areas.
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Controlled areas | show 🗑
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What is the occupancy factor in controlled areas? | show 🗑
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show | occupancy factor of 1/4
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What is the occupancy factor for an occasional occupancy area? | show 🗑
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maximum weekly permitted dose equivalent to people in uncontrolled areas? | show 🗑
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effective dose equivalent for occupants of Controlled areas? | show 🗑
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show | is essentially the radiation output when the unit is actually delivering radiation. the average mAs of the x-ray generator and the number of x-ray examinations per week.
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show | the fractional amount of time during which the x-ray beam is energized or directed toward a particular barrier. Also called the beam-direction factor.
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show | Because floors are often exposed to primary beams during examinations on tables, they are always given a factor of 1. Doors, walls, and ceilings of radiation rooms exposed routinely to the primary beams are also given a use factor of 1.
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show | Doors and walls of radiation rooms not exposed routinely to the primary beam are given a use factor of 1/4.
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What is the use factor for ceilings of x-ray rooms not exposed routinely to the primary beam? | show 🗑
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show | Secondary barriers, those at which the primary beam is not directed, are always given a use factor of 1. The reason for this is that scatter and leakage radiation are always present when the tube is energized.
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lead apron | show 🗑
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What is the most widely used apron lead equivalent thickness? | show 🗑
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What type of protective apparel should be used during mobile radiography or during fluoroscopic procedures? | show 🗑
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show | a minimum thickness of 0.25 mm of lead equivalent should be worn whenever the hands must be protected from the x-ray beam
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show | thyroid gland shields
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What is the lead equivalent of the neck and thyroid gland shielding? | show 🗑
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show | optically clear lenses that contain lead with a 0.35- to 0.5-mm lead equivalent.
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Who should immobilize the patient? | show 🗑
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The Monthly effective dose equivalent (EDE) for a pregnant worker is....? | show 🗑
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What is the equivalent dose limit for the embryo-fetus for the duration of pregnancy? | show 🗑
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show | One monitor should be worn at collar level outside the protective apron. The second personnel monitoring device is worn at waist level under the protective apron.
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show | Procedures used to estimate the amount of radiation received by individuals who work in a radiation environment.
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What amount of radiation gets through a protective apron? | show 🗑
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show | only 30% of the skin dose.
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show | Yes, they should handle only small quantities of radioactive material.
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beam-limitation devices | show 🗑
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additional protective measures found in fluoroscopy are....? | show 🗑
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protective drape | show 🗑
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show | The gap for the Bucky tray leaves an opening approximately 5 cm wide at the side of the table at about gonadal level. The Bucky slot cover, consisting of a 0.25-mm lead equivalent, automatically covers this opening.
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cumulative timer | show 🗑
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How long is the exposure switch cord of a mobile x-ray unit? | show 🗑
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Where is the best place for the radiographer to stand to receive the least amount of scatter radiation? | show 🗑
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show | monitors radiology instruments and equipment. It ensures equipment is operating properly and that repeat radiographs are not required because of equipment errors or malfunctions.
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three steps of quality control | show 🗑
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show | at least twice a year; all other evaluations are conducted at least annually
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