Urinary System Anatomy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | urinary system
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| show | urinary system
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| How many liters of urine a day do the kidneys secrete | show 🗑
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| How is the urine expelled from the body | show 🗑
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| What is the urinary system often called | show 🗑
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| What system consist of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra | show 🗑
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| show | calyces
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| What is the expanded portion of the kidney called | show 🗑
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| What system consist of the calyces and renal pelvis together | show 🗑
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| show | ureters
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| What is the sacklike portion of the urinary system which receives the distal part of the uretersand serves as a reservoir | show 🗑
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| What is the third and smaller tubular portion which conveys the urine to the exterior of the body | show 🗑
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| What are ductless endocrine glands closely associated with the urinary system | show 🗑
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| which glands are situated in the medial and superior aspects of the upper poles of the kidneys | show 🗑
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| What are two important substances furnished by the suprarenal or adrenal glands | show 🗑
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| show | adrenal or suprarenal glands
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| show | kidney
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| Which border of the kidneys are convex and which are concave | show 🗑
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| show | 4 1/2
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| The kidneys measure how many inches in width | show 🗑
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| show | 1 1/4 inches
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| show | left, right
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| show | peritoneum or retroperitoneum
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| show | superior aspect
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| In which plane do each kidney lies | show 🗑
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| How many degrees are the kidneys rotated anteriorly | show 🗑
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| In what projection does the lower kidney lies perpendicular to the IR | show 🗑
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| In what projection does the upper kidney lies parallel to the IR | show 🗑
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| What is the level of the kidneys in a person of sthenic build | show 🗑
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| In what body habitus does the kidneys lies somewhat higher | show 🗑
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| In what body habitus does the kidneys lies somewhat lower | show 🗑
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| The _____ kidney is slightly _______ than the left kidney | show 🗑
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| show | liver
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| show | adipose capsule
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| How many inches do the kidneys move during respiration or respiratory movement | show 🗑
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| show | no more than 2 inches
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| What is the longitudinal slit on the concave medial border of each kidney | show 🗑
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| show | renal sinus
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| What is the outer layer of the kidney called | show 🗑
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| show | medulla
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| What are the essential microscopic componets of the parenchyma of the kidney called | show 🗑
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| show | 1 million
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| show | afferent arteriole
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| Which vessel leaves the capsule of the kidney | show 🗑
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| Which structure of the kidney continues from the glomerular capsule in the cortex | show 🗑
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| What does the renal tubules become after they travel through the cortical and medullary substances | show 🗑
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| The the renal tubules travel to the _____ after the proximal convoluted tubules | show 🗑
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| show | distal convoluted tubules
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| The distal convoluted tubules opens into the the __________ that begins in the cortex | show 🗑
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| show | collecting ducts
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| show | renal papilla
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| show | calyces
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| what are the beginning branches called | show 🗑
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| show | between 4 to 13
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| What do the minor calyces unite to form | show 🗑
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| show | the expanded funnel shaped renal pelvis
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| show | within the hilum
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| show | 10 to 12 inches
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| What structure of the unrinary system descends behind the peritoneum and in front of the psoas muscles | show 🗑
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| show | ureters
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| What structure of the excretory system curve to enter posterolateral surface of the urinary bladder, the level of the ischial spine | show 🗑
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| What structure conveys the urine from the renal pelves to the bladder by slow peristalistic contractions | show 🗑
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| What structure is a musculomembranous sac, a reservoir for urine | show 🗑
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| show | male
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| show | vaginal canal
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| show | apex
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| show | neck
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| show | prostate
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| show | pelvic diaphragm
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| According to what does the bladder varies in size shape ,and portion | show 🗑
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| Where is the bladder located when it is empty | show 🗑
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| show | oval
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| show | 500 mL
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| show | 250 mL
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| show | urethal orifice
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| What is the triangle between the two orifices called | show 🗑
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| show | rugae
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| What structure conveys the urine out of the body | show 🗑
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| What is a narrow musculomembranous tube with a sphincter type of muscule at the neck of the bladder | show 🗑
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| How many inches is the urethra of the female | show 🗑
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| How many inches is the urethra of a male | show 🗑
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| What is located in the vestibule about 1 inch anterior to the vaginal opening | show 🗑
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| What extends from the bladder to the end of the penis and divided into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy portions | show 🗑
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| What serves as an excretory canal for the reproductive system | show 🗑
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| show | prostate
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| What part of the prostate is attached to the inferior surface of the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| How many inches does the prostate measure transversely | show 🗑
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| show | 3/4 inch
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| What secretes a milky fluid that combines with semen | show 🗑
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| show | secretions
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| What is the condition: two renal pelvi and /or ureters from the same kidney | show 🗑
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| What is the condition: fusion of the kidneys, usually at the lower poles | show 🗑
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| What is the condition: kidney that fails to ascend and remains in the pelvis | show 🗑
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| What is inflammation of the bladder | show 🗑
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| What is distension of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine | show 🗑
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| show | polycystic kidney
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| What is the inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis | show 🗑
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| What is the condition: increased blood pressure of the kidney | show 🗑
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| show | wilms
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| show | ureterocele
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| What is backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters | show 🗑
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| show | iodinated
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| What precede the specilalized procedures | show 🗑
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| show | AP
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| What projections is taken to localize calcium and tumor masses | show 🗑
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| What position is used to demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys | show 🗑
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| show | preliminary radiographs
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| show | contrast medium
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| show | ureters and urethra
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| What is opacified for the delineation and differentiation of cysts and tumor masses situated in the kidney | show 🗑
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| show | with iodinated contrast medium and then radiographed by tomagraphy or CT
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| show | into vein by rapid injection or by infusion
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| What procedures are used to investigate the blood vessels of the kidneys and suprarenal glands | show 🗑
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| show | urography
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| what technique allow the contrast medium to enter the kidney in the normal direction of the blood flow | show 🗑
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| Which filling introduce the contrast material directly into the kidney through a percutaneous puncture of the renal pelvis | show 🗑
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| show | excretory or intravenous urography (IVU)
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| show | functioning
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| show | to demonstrate all parts of the urinary system
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| show | pyelography
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| show | IVP
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| What procedure requires that the contrast material is introduced against the normal flow | show 🗑
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| show | into the canals
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| How are the canals filled of the upper urinary tract for retrograde urography | show 🗑
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| How is the lower part of the urinary tract filled with contrast | show 🗑
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| What type of procedure is the retrograde urographic examination of the proximal urinary tract | show 🗑
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| Who performs the catherization and filling of the urinary tract | show 🗑
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| show | catherized specimens of urine
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| show | retrograde urographic examination
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| What term is the bLadder examination usually denoted | show 🗑
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| What procedure examines the lower ureters | show 🗑
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| what procedures examines the urethra | show 🗑
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| show | anatomy
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| What type of salts are used in cystography and what percentage | show 🗑
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| What contrast medium was introduced inthe 70's and is used today | show 🗑
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| show | nonionic contrast emdium
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| Whose choice is it to use ionic or nonioic contrast medium | show 🗑
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| How long does adverse reacion last | show 🗑
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| What are the feling of warmth, flushing, and sometimes a few hives | show 🗑
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| show | vomiting, nausea, and edema of the respiratory mucous membrane
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| What must be carefully checked of each patient | show 🗑
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| When does most reactions to contrast medium occur after administration | show 🗑
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| What must not be done after the first 5 minutes of administering the contrast medium | show 🗑
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| show | emergency equipment and medication
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| show | intestinal tract
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| show | bowel preparation
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| What position exerts pressure on the abdomen and moves gas laterally away from the pelvicaliceal structures | show 🗑
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| What preparation require the patient to follow a low residue diet for 1 to 2 days, eat a light evening meal on the day before exam | show 🗑
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| show | a non gas forming laxative evening of the exam
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| True or False: the patient should have nothing by mouth after midnight on the day of the exam | show 🗑
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| show | induced renal failure
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| How many cups of water does the patient drink before the retrograde urography | show 🗑
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| What preparation is usually necessary for the lower urinary tract | show 🗑
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| What table is suitable for the preliminary excretory urography and most retrograde studies of the bladder and urethra | show 🗑
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| what procedure requires a table equipped with tomographic apparatus | show 🗑
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| show | tomography
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| What markers should be used during the retrograde urographic procedures | show 🗑
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| What is taken to demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys | show 🗑
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| what shows a sharply defined outline of the kidneys, lower border of the liver and lateral margin of the psoas muscles | show 🗑
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| What is not applied over the upper abdomen in urographic examination | show 🗑
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| What may cause resultant pressure to interfere with the passage of fluid through the ureters | show 🗑
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| What depends on exposure time and on securing the full cooperation of the patient | show 🗑
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| What should be explained to the patient | show 🗑
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| What depends on the success of the examination | show 🗑
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| What is done to retard flow of the opacified urine into the bladder and adequate filling of the renal pelves and calyces | show 🗑
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| show | at the level of the ASIS
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| What should slowly be released when the compression device is removed to reduce pain caused by rapid change | show 🗑
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| show | compression
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| What is the breathing instructions for the retrograde filling (urography) | show 🗑
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| show | the image should be so marked
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| What projection is used to demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys | show 🗑
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| show | lateral in the decubitus position
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| show | AP projection with the patient recumbent
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| What projection serves to check the preparation of the gastrointestinal tract and to make any necessary alteration in the exposure factors | show 🗑
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| show | work carefully so that repeat exposures are not necessary
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| show | function and structure of the urinary system
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| What is demonstrated by the ability for the kidneys to filter contrast medium and concentrate it with urine | show 🗑
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| show | anatomic structures
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| What are these indication: abdominal masses, renalcysts, renal tumors, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, trauma, preoperative location, size,and shape of the kidneys and ureters,renal hypertension | show 🗑
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| What is the condition for calculi or stones | show 🗑
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| show | infection of upper urinary tract
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| What is abnormal dilation of the pelicaliceal system | show 🗑
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| What the ability of the kidneys to filter contrast medium from the blood and the patient allergic history related to | show 🗑
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| Which patients arte strong candidates to receive a nonionic contrast medium or should be examined using another modality | show 🗑
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| show | emptying the bladder
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| show | clinical history, allergic history, blood chemistry levels
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| show | 0.6-1.5 mg/100mL
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| What is the normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level | show 🗑
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| show | supine position
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| What should be done before placing the patient on the table for the intravenous urography exam | show 🗑
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| What radiograph is obtained before the first postinjection exposure | show 🗑
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| show | 30 to 100mL
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| What should be produced at certain intervals from the time of the completion of contrast medium | show 🗑
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| show | in the pelvicaliceal system within 2 to 8 minutes
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| show | 15 to 20 minutes after the injection
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| What is determined after the IR is exposed, processed and reviewed | show 🗑
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| show | a 30 second image to obtain a nephrogram
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| What may be taken at a 5 to 10 minute intervals | show 🗑
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| What is taken to detect residual urine, small tumor masses, or enlargement of prostate gland | show 🗑
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| show | contrast medium remaining in the body
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| show | drink extra fluid for a few days to help flush out the contrast medium
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| What exam is taken after the bolus injection | show 🗑
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| show | AP projection
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| show | nephrotomography
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| How can the contrast medium be injected rapidly | show 🗑
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| How can the contrast medium be injected more slowly | show 🗑
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| What is performed by injecting a large amount of highly concentrated, iodinated contrast medium | show 🗑
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| What works better with bolus | show 🗑
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| What procedure is performed with the injection of a contrast medium into the cyst under fluoroscopic control | show 🗑
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| show | cystic by ultrasound
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| What procedure is used on patients with hydronephrosis | show 🗑
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| What exam provide little physiologic information about the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | retrograde urography
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| show | incidence of reactions
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| show | under aseptic conditions
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| Who performs the retrograde urogram | show 🗑
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| show | in urology department or radiology department
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| Who is responsible for the equipment and draping of the patient | show 🗑
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| Who is responsible for overhead parts of the readiographic equipment fre from dust for the protection of the operative field and the sterile layout | show 🗑
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| show | radiographer
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| What position requires that the patient be positioned with knees flexed over the stirrups of the adjustable leg supports | show 🗑
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| show | urologist
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| What are taken after two catheterized specimens of urine | show 🗑
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| What are the three AP projections most commonly used for the retrograde urographic series | show 🗑
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| What additional projections are sometimes required | show 🗑
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| show | retrograde studies of the lower urinary tract
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| What are contridictions to the lower urinary tract studies are related to | show 🗑
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| show | ionic solution
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| show | sodium or meglumine diatrizoates or the newer nonionic contrast medium
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| What happens to the organic compounds used for IVU's | show 🗑
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| show | before they are brought into the radiology department
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| When the patient is to be catherized inthe radiology department what must be set up to specification | show 🗑
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| show | patient given as much privacy as possible
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| How is the contrast medium introduced into the bladder | show 🗑
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| When are studies made for retrograde cystology | show 🗑
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| show | 1 AP, 2 AP obliques, 1 lateral
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| show | midcoronal plane of the patient's body
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| show | to the level of the iliac crest
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| show | expiration
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| * What position demonstrates the ureteropelvic junction in the prescence of hydronephrosis | show 🗑
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| * What projection demonstrates the mobility of the kidneys and opacified bladder | show 🗑
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| * What projections are useful in demonstrating the distal ends of the ureters | show 🗑
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| show | at the level of the iliac crest
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| * What is the respiration for the AP projection of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | prone
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| * What position is recommended for the filling the obstructed ureter in the prescence of hydronephrosis | show 🗑
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| show | bladder, pubic symphysis, short scale contrast, no artifacts, and time marker
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| show | the kidney closer to the IR
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| * Which kidney will be parallel to the plane of the IR in the AP oblique projection of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | 30 degrees from the plane of the IR ( the midcoronal plane)
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| * Where is IR centered for the AP oblique projection of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | end of expiration
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| * Where is the CR directed for the AP oblique projection of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| * Where do the CR enter for the AP oblique projection of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| show | the elevated kidney
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| show | the downside kidney
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| show | entering the patient at the level of the iliac crest and perpendicular to the IR
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| show | displacement of a kidney and to localize calcareous areas and tumor masses
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| show | 30 degrees and caudal
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| * Where do the central enter for the AP axial projection of the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| show | 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
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| show | 1 inch distal to the tip of the coccyx
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| show | perpendicular to the Pubic symphisis for voiding studies
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| * Whatstructures are shown for the AP axial and PA axial projections of the urinary system | show 🗑
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| * How many degrees do you rotate the patient for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| show | suspend at end of expiration
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| show | 2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis and 2 inches medial to he upper ASIS
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| * What is the respiration for lateral projection of the urinary bladder | show 🗑
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| show | perpendicular to IR and 2 inches above border of the pubic symphysis or 2 inches below the ASIS
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| show | anterior and posterior bladder walls and base of bladder
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| * How many degrees are the patient rotated for the AP projection of the male cystourethrography | show 🗑
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| show | body of the elevated pubic symphysis
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| What study is performed when the bladder is filled with contrast material for the male cystourethrography | show 🗑
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| show | 3.5 cm
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| What does the female urethra open into | show 🗑
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| show | the superior border of the pubic symphysis
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| What female organ is subject to tumors, abcesses, diverticula, dilation, and stricture | show 🗑
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| when are contrast studies made in the investigation of abnormalilties other than stress incontinence for the AP projection of the female cystourethography | show 🗑
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| show | inserrion of a catheter just before injection of the contrast solution
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| How is the IR placed centered for the AP projection of the female cystourethrography | show 🗑
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| How many degrees is the CR angled and what direction for the AP projection of the female cystourethrography | show 🗑
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| Why is the CR angled 5 degrees for the AP projection for the female cystourethography | show 🗑
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| show | oblique projections
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| What is the matallic bead chain cyatourethography used for | show 🗑
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| What projections are compared for the female cystourethrography | show 🗑
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| What two sets of images are obtained for the AP projection for the female cystourethography | show 🗑
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| show | a towel or disposable pad
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| show | ASRT
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|
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| What must the technilogist who perform the venipuncture and contrast media administration be knowledgeable about | show 🗑
|
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| What is based on cognitive knowledge, proficiency in psychomotor skills, positive values and validation in a clinical setting | show 🗑
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| show | all medications
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| show | medication's name, dosages, indications, contradictions, and possible adverse reactions
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| How must the technologist provide information about the procedure | show 🗑
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| show | steps in the procedure, expecteed duration, and limitations or restrictions
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| What should never be told to the patient | show 🗑
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| What must the technologist tell the patient about the venipuncture procedure | show 🗑
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| What is the indication of benadryl | show 🗑
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| What is the indication of demerol | show 🗑
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| show | severe pain
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| show | nausea, sedation
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| What is the indication of valium | show 🗑
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| show | preoperative sedation (to induce sleepiness or drowiness and relieve apprehension)
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| show | any known allergies to food and medications
🗑
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| What is the average BUN level and creatine level | show 🗑
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| What exists each time the body system is entered | show 🗑
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| What must always be used when medications are administered with a neddle | show 🗑
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| What equipment of venipuncture consist of a barrel, tip, and plunger | show 🗑
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| What happens to all needdles used in venipuncture | show 🗑
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| How do hypodermic neddles vary | show 🗑
|
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| What does neddle gauge refer ro | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | true
🗑
|
||||
| show | the volume of fluid may be administered rapidly
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|
||||
| show | in inches
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|
||||
| show | 1/2 inch
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|
||||
| How many inches is the neddle used for intrathecal spinal injection | show 🗑
|
||||
| How many inches are the neddles used in IV injections | show 🗑
|
||||
| What has three parts: hub, cannula or shaft, or bevel | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | determine any structural defects nonbeveled points and bent shafts
🗑
|
||||
| show | butterfly sets or angiocatheters
🗑
|
||||
| show | plastic appendages
🗑
|
||||
| Whatof the butterfly neddle aid in inserting the neddle and stabilizing the neddleonce venous patency has been confirmed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | over the neddle canula
🗑
|
||||
| show | identify correct patient
🗑
|
||||
| What is the first step in preparing a bottle of vial for a procedure | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why do containers have rubber stoppers | show 🗑
|
||||
| What vial is cleaned with an alcohol wipe | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | closed system
🗑
|
||||
| What is injected into the bottle to equal the same amount of desired fluid | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is pulled back to the level of the desired amount of medication | show 🗑
|
||||
| What method is used to recap syringes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | recap them
🗑
|
||||
| What is critical for venipuncture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | it may be a vessel or artery
🗑
|
||||
| What are the prime factors in selecting a vein | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where are the veins found in establishing an IV access | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the general rule of selecting a IV site | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristic of selecting the most distal vein | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | veins in the antecubital space
🗑
|
||||
| show | site is cleaned and clipped
🗑
|
||||
| Why should hair be clipped from venipuncture site | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is used to cleanse the skin | show 🗑
|
||||
| How long should the anteseptic remain on the skin | show 🗑
|
||||
| How is the skin cleaned for the preparatioin of venipuncture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | indirect two step entry method and direct method one step entry method
🗑
|
||||
| show | direct one step method
🗑
|
||||
| show | indirect method two step method
🗑
|
||||
| show | 6 to 8 inches above the site
🗑
|
||||
| What hand do the technologist holds the patient's limb | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | to stabilize and anchor the vein
🗑
|
||||
| What do the technologist holds with the dominant hand | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 15 degrees from the long axis of the vessel
🗑
|
||||
| show | with a downward motion, and advances the neddle parallel and then punctures the vein
🗑
|
||||
| show | release the tourniquet
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if back flow of blood do not occur | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do the technologist do before cleaning the injection site | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tourniquet
🗑
|
||||
| How is the neddle anchored as arequired policy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | observed and palpated
🗑
|
||||
| show | infiltration
🗑
|
||||
| What should be done before the contrast medium is injected | show 🗑
|
||||
| How many times is the line flushed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | remove any tape or protective dressing covering the puncture site
🗑
|
||||
| show | pulled directly from the vein
🗑
|
||||
| show | direct pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | appropriate disposal containers
🗑
|
||||
| What are the classification of reactions due to the medication during venipuncture | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which reaction include sensation of warmth, a metallic taste, or sneezing | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | moderate
🗑
|
||||
| show | severe
🗑
|
||||
| show | infiltration
🗑
|
||||
| show | displacement of neddle
🗑
|
||||
| show | application of ice if less than 30 minutes have passed since filtration, application of warm wet compress if filtration occurred more than 30 minutes previously
🗑
|
||||
| show | right patient, right medication, right route, right amount, right time
🗑
|
||||
| How many times is the medication verified | show 🗑
|
||||
| When is the medication verified | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | by the physician or the department protocols
🗑
|
||||
| Who determine the right time, right amount, and right route, type of medication and the procedure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | documentation of the five rights of medication administration
🗑
|
||||
| show | size, type, and location of the neddle, number of venipuncture attempts, identity of health care personnel who performed he procedure, and how the patient responde to the procedure
🗑
|
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