HEAD INJURIES
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| THE INNER PART OF THE BRAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTENT OR MOVEMENT | CONTENT
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| THE OUTER PART OF THE BRAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTENT OR MOVEMENT | MOVEMENT
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| INNER | CONTENT
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| OUTER | MOVEMENT
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| AROUSAL COMES FROM THE BRAIN STEM, SPECIFICALLY FROM THE | RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
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| THE RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR | AROUSAL
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| IF A PATIENT IS IN A COMA WHAT SCORE/RANGE WOULD THEY HAVE ON A GLASGOW COMA SCALE | 3-8
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| WHAT IS THE BEST SCORE YOU CAN GET ON A GLASGOW COMA SCALE | 15
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| THE RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM IS LOCATED IN THE OUTER OR INNER BRAIN | OUTER
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| A BUMP TO THE HEAD COULD AFFECT AROUSAL BECAUSE OF DAMAGE TO THE | RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
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| AROUSAL COMES FROM | OUTER
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| CONTENT COMES FROM | INNER
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| AROUSAL BUT NO COGNITION IS | PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE
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| NO MOTOR BUT UNDERSTANDS THINGS | LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
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| HOW MIGHT A PATIENT WITH LOCKED-IN SYNDROME COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS | THROUGHT THE EYES
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| BRAIN DEATH IS | LEGAL DEATH
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| IS AROUSAL PRESENT IN PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE | YES
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| WHAT IS NOT PRESENT IN A PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE | COGNITION
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| WHAT IS PRESENT IN LOCKED-IN SYNDROME | COGNITION
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| TRAUMA, STROKE/HEMORRHAGE, INFECTION AND NEOPLASMS ARE ALL WHAT TYPE OF CAUSE OF ALTERED LOC | STRUCTURAL
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| HYPOGLYCEMIA, HYPOXIA, CHEMICAL TOXINS, CHANGES IN BODY TEMP ARE ALL | METABOLIC CAUSES OF ALTERED LOC
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| THE OUTER BRAIN FUNCTION | CONTENT
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| THE INNER BRAIN FUNCTION | AROUSAL
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| INNER BRAIN---RAS--- | AROUSAL
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| OUTER BRAIN--- | CONTENT
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| THE PATIENT THAT RESPONDS TO STIMULI IS | ALERT
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| THE PATIENT THAT NEEDS CUES OR THEIR JUDGMENT IS OFF IS | CONFUSED
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| THE DROWSY PATIENT THAT NEEDS STIMULATION | LETHARGIC
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| RESPONDS | ALERT
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| NEEDS CUES | CONFUSED
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| DROWSY | LETHARGIC
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| VERY SLOW TO RESPOND TO STIMULI AND NEEDS CONSTANT STIMULATION TO MAINTAIN RESPONSE | OBTUNDED
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| A PERSON IS ‘OBTUNDED’ IF THEY NEED WHAT | CONSTANT STIMULATION TO MAINTAIN A RESPONSE
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| A PATIENT THAT ONLY MOANS OR GROANS TO STIMULI IS CONSIDERED TO BE | STUPOROUS
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| LOC ASSESSMENT INCLUDES | MENTAL STATUS, MOTOR, SENSORY AND GLASGOW COMA SCALE
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| MENTAL STATUS, MOTOR, SENSORY AND GLASGOW COMA SCALE ARE ALL PART OF | LOC ASSESSMENT
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| AN INCREASED SCORE ON THE GLASGOW CORRELATESWITH A | INCREASED STATE
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| A DECREASED SCORE ON THE GLASGOW CORRELATES WITH | A DECREASED STATE
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| RIGID EXTENSION OF ALL FOUR EXTREMETIES WITH HYPERPRONATION OF FOREARMS | DECEREBRATE POSTURE
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| DECEREBRATE POSTURE TURNS THE LEGS ___ AND THE ARMS/WRISTS ___ | LEGS IN, ARMS/WRISTS OUT
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| DECORTICATE POSTURE AND DECEREBRATE POSTURE BOTH INCLUDE | EXTENSION OF LOWER EXTREMITIES
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| THE ARMS ARE POSITIONED HOW IN DECORTICATE POSTURING | ADDUCTED, POINTED IN TO THE ‘CORE’
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| THE ARMS ARE POSITIONED HOW IN DECEREBRATE POSTURING | RIGIDLY EXTENDED WITH HYPERPRONATION OF FOREARMS
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| WHICH POSTURING INDICATES A MORE SERIOUS CONDITION | DECEREBRATE
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| WITH DECEREBRATE YOU DON’T | CELEBRATE…WORSE CONDITION
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| DECEREBRATE POSTURING INDICATES DISRUPTION OF MOTOR FIBERS IN THEMI | D BRAIN AND BRAIN STEM
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| IN DECORTICATE POSTURING THE ARMS ARE | PULLED IN TO THE CORE
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| IN ASSESSING PUPIL ACCOMMODATION THE CLOSER THE OBJECT IS TO THE PUPIL THE | SMALLER THE PUPIL GETS
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| HANDS CURLED INTO AN E | DECEREBRATE
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| HANDS BROUGHT UP TO THE CHEST | DECORTICATE
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| WHICH POSITION OF THE HAND INDICATES A MORE SERIOUS CONDITION | CURLED INTO AN E
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| X-RAY STUDIES, CTS AND MRIS ARE USED TO DETERMINE WHAT TYPE OF LOC CAUSE | STRUCTURAL
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| AN EEG ANALYZES THE | CORTEX
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| IF AN EEG DOESN’T SEE ANY CONTENT WHAT TEST WILL BE PERFORMED NEXT | EP
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| EP STANDS FOR | EVOKED POTENTIAL
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| WHICH TEST CAN SEE THE BRAINSTEM | EP
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| AN EEG MEASURES | ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CORTEX
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| AN EP IS USED TO | RULE OUT DRUGS AS A CAUSE OF COMA
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| DURING AN EP THE BRAIN IS STIMULATED WITH | LIGHTS, SOUND AND/OR PAINFUL STIMULI
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| WHICH TEST IS USED TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF BRAIN STEM ACTIVITY | EP
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| EP GOES | DEEP
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| OUTER | MOVEMENT
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| INNER | CONTENT
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| WHICH TEST IS DONE INTERNALLY, AN EP OR AN EEG | EP
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| A DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IS USED TO SEE WHAT | BLOOD SUPPLY
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| A CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY IS USED TO SEE | ARTERIES IN THE BRAIN
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| WHAT IS USED DURING A CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY | CATHETER WITH CONTRAST
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| WHAT TEST IS USED TO MEASURE ICP | LUMBAR PUNCTURE
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| WHAT TEST USES A NEEDLE AND CATHETER INSERTED IINTO THE SPINE TO TAKE PICTURES | MYELOGRAPHY
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| DOPPLER ULTRA SONOGRAPHY | TO SEE BLOOD SUPPLY
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| CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY | CATHETER WITH CONTRAST TO SEE ARTERIES IN BRAIN
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| LUMBAR PUNCTURE | DRAW FLUID TO MEASURE ICP
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| MYELOGRAPHY | NEEDLE & CATHETER TO TAKE PICTURES
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| A LUMBAR PUNCTURE IS PERFORMED BETWEEN THE | 3RD AND 4TH LUMBAR
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| A NORMAL ICP IS | 8-18 OR 20
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| AN ICP IN THE TEENS IS CONSIDERED TO BE | NORMAL
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| AN ICP CATHETER IS INSERTED TO | DETERMINE PRESSURE IN THE VENTRICLES
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| WHEN ASSESSING FOR THE ICP WE USE WHAT | THE AVERAGE SHOWN
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| HOW DOES THE BRAIN INITIALLY RESPOND TO INCREASED ICP | COMPLIANCE
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| COMPLIANCE MEANS THE BRAIN | ADAPTS TO THE PRESSURES
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| ICP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY INCLUDES | COMPLIANCE, AUTOREGULATION AND DISPLACEMENT OF BRAIN TISSUE
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| WHICH RESPONSE OCCURS FIRST WHEN ICP RISES | COMPLIANCE
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| WHICH RESPONSE WILL CONSTRICT BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN | AUTOREGULATION
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| THE SHEARING OF AXONS | DISPLACEMENT OF BRAIN TISSUE
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| DISPLACEMENT OF TISSUE INTO AN AREA IT’S NOT MEANT TO BE IS | HERNIATION
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| THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE OUTER PORTIONS | ARTERY
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| THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE INNER PORTIONS | VENOUS
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| WHICH IS AN EMERGENCY, A BLEED FROM THE OUTER OR THE INNER | OUTER, ARTERY
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| A BLEED IN THE INNER, VENOUS SYSTEM WILL PROGRESS SLOW OR FAST | SLOW, VENOUS
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| WHICH CONDITION IS MORE EMERGENT, AN ARTERIAL OR VENOUS BLEED | ARTERIAL
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| A LACERATION TO THE OUTER BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE HEAD IS A MEDICAL | EMERGENCY
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| VE’N’OUS | I’NN’ER
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| ‘A’RTERIAL | ’O’UTER
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| C02 IS A POTENT | VASODILATOR
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| WHY WOULD WE HYPERVENT A PATIENT WITH INCREASED ICP | HYPERVENTING INCREASES C02 AND THE CO2 WILL DILATE THE VESSELS AND LOWER THE ICP
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| CEREBRAL EDEMA IS | FLUID
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| BRAIN SWELLING IS | AN INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME
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| INCREASED ICP AND ALTERED LOC ARE EARLY OR LATE SIGNS OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE PROBLEMS | EARLY
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| CUSHING’S TRIAD, RESPIRATORY CHANGES AND POSTURING ARE EARLY OR LATE SIGNS | LATE
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| RESPIRATORY CHANGES INDICATE LATE OR EARLY SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP | LATE
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| WHAT IS CUSHING’S TRIAD | INCREASE IN SYSTOLIC, DECREASE IN DIASTOLIC AND DECREASE IN HR
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| A WIDE PULSE PRESSURE WITH SLOWING PULSE IS CALLED | CUSHINGS TRIAD
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| A WIDE PULSE PRESSURE AND DECREASED PULSE ARE EARLY OR LATE SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP | LATE
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| WHAT IS THE FIRST THING YOU WILL SEE WHEN ICP RISES | AN INCREASE ON THE MONITOR
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| WHAT WILL YOU SEE AFTER THE MONITOR ICP RISES | ALTERED LOC
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| WHAT ARE THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS OF INCREASED ICP | CUSHING’S TRIAD-WIDE PULSE PRESSURE AND DECREASED HR
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| IN WHAT ORDER WILL SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP OCCUR | NUMBER ON MONITOR WILL INCREASE, THEN LOC CHANGES AND THEN CV CHANGES
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| CV CHANGES WILL BE SEEN AFTER | LOC CHANGES
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| IS AN IRREGULAR RESPIRATORY PATTERN AN EARLY OR LATE SIGN OF INCREASED ICP | LATE
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| POSTURING, CUSHING’S AND RESPIRATORY CHANGES ARE ALL | LATE SIGNS OF INCREASED ICP
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| WHEN FLUID IS PRESENT IT IS CALLED | EDEMA
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| WHAT IS USED TO TREAT EDEMA | DIURETICS
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| WHAT IS THE MOTHER OF ALL DIURETICS | MANITOL
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| WHEN BLOOD VOLUME TO THE BRAIN IS INCREASED WE GIVE | VASOCONSTRICTORS
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| WHAT IS COMMONLY DONE WHEN WE GIVE VASOCONSTRICTORS | HYPERVENT TO BALANCE CONSTRICTION AND DILATION
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| COUGING, VOMITING, DEFECATION AND VALSALVA MANEUVER ARE ALL ACTIVITIES THAT WILL HAVE WHAT AFFECT ON ICP | INCREASE
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| WHEN THE FEET ARE HIGHER THAN THE HEAD WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ICP | INCREASES
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| WHEN THE HEAD IS HIGHER THAN THE FEET WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO ICP | DECREASES
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| ACTIVITIES THAT DECREASE ICP INCLUDE HYPERVENTING, POSITIONING SO THAT THE HEAD IS HIGHER THAN THE FEET AND | CNS DEPRESSANTS/SEDATION
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| HEAD INJURIES HAVE WHAT EFFECT ON OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE | INCREASED NEED
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| WHAT IS THE MAIN GOAL OF CARE IN THE INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF HEAD INJURIES | ABC’S, IMMOBILIZE HEAD & NECK
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| WHAT IS THE ONGOING MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN INJURY CARE | MAINTAIN CEREBRAL PERFUSION, PREVENT INCREASE IN ICP
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| WHAT IS THE PROGNOSTIC PRINCIPLE OF HEAD INJURY | DURATION OF COMA
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| WHAT IS THE PRIMARY GOAL OF BRAIN INJURY CARE | SELF CARE IS THE PRIMARY GOAL
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| MANNITOL IS USED FOR | MOVING FLUID OUT OF THE BODY
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| MANNITOL WILL HAVE WHAT EFFECT ON ICP | LOWER IT BY LOWERING VOLUME
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| WHAT SHOULD BE MONITORED CLOSELY WHEN USING MANNITOL | OUTPUT AND ELECTROLYTES
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| DECREASED POTASSIUM RESULTS IN WHAT CHANGE ON AN EKG | DEPRESSED T WAVE
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| WHAT ARE THE S/S OF DECREASED POTASSIUM | CONFUSION, IRREG RHYTHM, RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS, ILEUS, NAUSEA AND WEAKNESS
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| WHAT ARE THE S/S OF INCREASED POTASSIUM | FACIAL NUMBNESS, DIARHEA, ASYSTOLE, RESPIRATORY ARREST
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| DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE RELEASE ARE THE RESULT OF DAMAGE TO | THE PITUITARY GLAND
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| DIABETES INSIPIDUS IS THE DECREASE OF ____ THAT LEADS TO THE LOSS OF ______ | ADH, H20
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| ADH IS INCREASED OR DECREASED IN DIABETES INSIPIDUS | DECREASED
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| HOW ARE DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND SIADH ALIKE | ADH IMBALANCE
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| INCREASED ADH RESULTS IN | RETENTION OF WATER
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| DECREASED ADH RESULTS IN | LOSS OF WATER
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| A PATIENT WITH DI WILL LIKELY BE HYPER OR HYPO-VOLEMIC | HYPOVOLEMIC
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| REMEMBER THAT WITH’ DI’ YOU HAVE | ’DEHY’-DRATION
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| TOO MUCH ADH WILL CAUSE | WATER RETENTION
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| ‘SI’ADH RESULTS IN | ’HI’ RETENTION
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| POTASSIUM AND THE T WAVE HAVE A | DIRECT RELATIONSHIP
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| WHEN POTASSIUM IS HIGH THE T WAVE IS | HIGH
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| WHEN POTASSIUM IS LOW THE T WAVE IS | LOW
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| WHEN POTASSIUM IS HIGH THE BOWELS ARE | HIGHLY ACTIVE
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| WHEN POTASSIUM IS LOW THE BOWELS ARE | SLOW
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| PULLING INTRACRANIAL FLUID OUT THRU VENTRICULOSTOMY IS CONSIDERED A | EXTREME MEASURE
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| BEFORE VENTRICULOSTOMY IS PERFORMED WHAT MEASURES SHOULD BE TRIED FIRST | HOB UP, HYPERVENT
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| A CONTUSION OF THE BRAIN STEM WILL RESULT IN THE LOSS OF WHAT | VITAL REGULATION
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| AN IMPACT TO THE HEAD WILL RESULT IN WHAT TYPE OF BRAIN INJURY | PRIMARY
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| THE PRIMARY HEAD INJURY WILL RESULT IN | THE SECONDARY INJURIES
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| AN EPIDURAL HEMATOMA IS EASY TO FIX BUT A | LIFE-THREATENING BLEED
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| IS AN EPIDURAL HEMATOMA VENOUS OR ARTERIAL | ARTERIAL
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| SUBDURAL HEMATOMAS ARE WHAT TYPE OF BLEED | SLOW, VENOUS
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| WHICH IS A DEEPER BLEED, EPIDURAL OR SUBDURAL | SUBDURAL
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| ARTERIES ARE IN THE | EPIDURAL
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| VEINS ARE IN THE | SUBDURAL
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Created by:
Lori Dobrisky
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