respiratory and cardiovascular
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on it to display the answer.
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| what type of tube is inserted for a hemothorax | cvp (central venous pressure)
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| what is hypercapnia | inability to move air in and out of lungs
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| classification of cystic fibrosis | genetic defect
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| radiographic appearance of hyaline membrane disease | severe atelectasis with air bronchogram sign, characterized by bronchi surrounded by nonacrated alveoli
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| most common lethal genetic disease among caucasian children | cystic fibrosis
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| most common bacterial pneumonia | pneumococcal
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| type of pneumonia caused by influenza | staphylococcal
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| type of pneumonia that can mimic radiographic appearance of TB | mycoplasma
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| primary method of diagnosing pulmonary TB | chest x ray
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| what is empyema | accumulation of pus in pleural cavity
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| what is emphysema | increase in air space distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls
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| most frequent type of lung infection | pneumonia
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| what is pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura with exadation into plural cavity and its surface
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| common causes of respiratory failure | obstructd airway, insufficient respiratory drive, respiratory muscle fatique, intriasic lung disease, dysfunction of cns
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| what is miliary TB | bloodstream picks up Tb and largest of bacteria are carried thru the bloodstream
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| most common pathologies associated with COPD | chronic bronchitis, emphysema
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| predominant risk factor for COPD | cigarettes
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| radiographic appearance of emphysema | depressed and flattened diaphragm, radiolucent lungs, increased air space (barrel shaped)
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| primary types of pneumoconiosis | silicosis (oldest; quartz dust, miners), anthracosis (black lung), asbestosis
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| what type of fungal infection is common for the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys | histopiasmosis
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| coin lesion | solitary radiopaque lung nodule, second most common radiographic presentation
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| prognosis for pt dx with bronchogenic carcinomas | 5 year survival rate of only 12% to 14% of those diagnosed
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| most common cause of pulmonary embolism | (DVT) thrombus originates in lower extremity that migrates to lungs and becomes lodged rusultin in blood supply obstruction
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| initial test for pulmonary embolus | pulminary angiograms, nuclear profusion and ventalation lung scans and CT(timesaving and cost effetive
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| common thrombolytic agents used for myocardial infarctions | streptokinasc, anistreplate, alteplase reteplase must be administered within 3 hours of onset
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| cardiac pathology responsible for more than 30% of all annual deaths in US and single most in males and females | CAD
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| most common cause of chronic heart valve disease | rheumatic fever
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| which valve is damaged when superior vena cava is enlarged along with rt. atrium and ventricle | tricuspid
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| radiographic appearance of left sided CHF | heart enlarged and hilar region of lungs congested with increased vascular markings
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| what is PTA | percutaneous transluminal angioplasy- open vessel for stent placement
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| most widely performed procedure in nuclear cardiology | myocardial perfusion scan
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| what study in nuclear cardiology evaluates ventricular function | gated cardiac blood pool scan ( radionucle ventriculogram)
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| what is angiography | procedure performed to evaluate cartiovascular disease. can be use for therapeutic and diagnostic
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| chamber of heart that houses SA node | (pacemaker of heart) upper portion of rt atrium near superior vena cave
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| what is QRS | displays electrical inpulses thru ventricles
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| what is the thickest layer of the heart | myocardium
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| different types and common sites of aneurysms | sacccular- one side of arterial wall; fusiform-enire circumference of vessel wall found in distal abdomen; dissecting- intima tears and allows blood to flow within vessel wall
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| tetralogy of fallot | classified as a cyanotic heart defect because the condition causes low oxygen levels in the blood that usually includes a combination of 4 defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricle septal defects, overiding aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle
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| largest chamber of the heart | left ventricle
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| what is patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal persistence of an open ductus arteriosus after birth, resulting in recirculation of arterial blood thru the lungs
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| radiographic appearance of coarctation of the aorta | two bulges of the aorta are demonstrated in the aortic arch region, one superior to and one inferior to the stenosis; rib notching- well defined bony erosions along the lower rib margins as a result of the enlargement of anastomotic vessels
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| indications for pt who are at risk for developing DVT | skin color, swelling, pain, warmth and tenderness in one leg
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| what is an acute thrombus of the coronary arteries called | myocardial infarction (MI)
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| vessels not commonly affected by atherosclerosis | femoral arteries
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| most prevalent diease in humans, especially in the US | atherosclerosis
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| most common congenital heart defect | atrial septal defects
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| radiographic appearance of transposition of great vessels | cxr narrow mediastinum because vessels are superiposed and main ulmunary trunk not in usual location; pulmonary congestion is visible in the lung fields
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| how is cardiomegaly diagnosed on PA CXR | enlarged heart
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| geometric factors that affect PA CXR | inspiration, position, sid
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| why are CXR done upright | permit deep inspiration, prevent engorgement of heart and great vessels and alllows diaphragm to be at lowest level
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| how does the rt ventricle lie with respect to the cardiac shadow, rt atrium and lt ventricle | midline to cardiac shadow and anterior to rt atrium and lt ventricle
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| what is the pulmonary circulation responsble for | transports blood between heart and lungs for exchange of blood gases
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| what is visceral and parietal pleura | visceral adheres to lung tissue parietal lines thoracic cavity
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| what paranasal sinuses are present at birth | maxillary and ethmoid
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| to decrease pt dose in cxr which technical factor can be increased | kvp
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| anatomic structures of the mediastinum | evertything except lungs; heart , thyroid and thymus glands, nervous and lymphatic tissue
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| most common complaint from radiologists when reading CXR | poor exposure techniques
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| chest projection/position that demonstrates pectus excavatum | lateral view
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| chest projection/position that demonstrates TB | apical lordotic
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| anatomic structure that is the "sail sign" radiographically | thymus gland
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| what occurs when there has been a disruption in the esophogus or airway and air is trapped in the mediastinum | mediastinal emphysema
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| modality preferred for imaging pulmonary adenopathy | CT
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| vitamin deficiency in infants by hyaline membrane disease | surfactant
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| reasons for swan-ganz catheter placement | diagnosis and management of heart failure resulting from myocardial infraction and cardiogenic shock
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| upper respiratory system consists of | nose, mouth , pharynx and larynx
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| lower respiratory system consists of | trachea, bronchi, alveoli and lungs
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| thoracic cavity consists of | pleural cavities, parietal pleura and visceral pleura
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| anterior mediastinum consist of | thyroid and thymus glands
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| middle mediastinum consists of | heart and great vessels, esophagus and trachea
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| posterior mediastinum consists of | decending aorta and spine
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| bony thorax consists of | ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae
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| paranasal sinuses consist of | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillry
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| to decrease pt dose how do you adjust techniques for CR and DR | increase kvp
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| to decrease pt dose how do you adjust techniques for film screen | increase mas
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| what type of tube is inserted into pt trachea to manage airway | ET endotracheal tube
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| what type of tube is inserted into chest wall between ribs allowing for drainage of air or fluid | chest tube
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| what catheter is open to ouside of body with tip placed in SVC | hickman catheter
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| what is a port a cath | placed just under the skin just below the clavicle and are not open to the outside
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| what is hypoxemia | low oxygen levels with arterial blood
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| What is the primary measurement for diagnosing respiratory failure and severity of failure | arterial blood gases (ABGs)
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| what is the name of the skin test used to diagnose TB | mantoux test
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| what is pneumoconioses | occupational lung diseases
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| occlusions purposely put into veins and arteries | embolizations
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| abnormal connection between arteries and veins | AV malformation
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| what is TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystmic stent | connects the jugular vein to portal vein in cases of severe cirrhosisi
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| typical adult heartbeat | 72 beats per minute
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| how many liters does the adult typically pump per minute | 5.5 L
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| endocardium | smooth inside ling of heart
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| myocardium | middle and thickest layer of hert wall
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| pericardium | fibrous sac that encloses or surrounds the heart
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| septum | partition dividing the heart into rt and lt sides
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| upper chambers of the heart | right and left atrium
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| lower chambers of the heart | right and left ventricle
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| atrioventricular valves | permit blood to flow in only one direction
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| tricupid valve | between right atrium and right ventricle
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| bicuspid (mitral | between left atrium and left ventricle
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| semilumar valves | separate the ventricles for the great vessels leaving the heart
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| pulmonary valve | between the rt ventricle and pulmonary arery
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| aortic valve | seperates the aorta for the lt ventricle
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| systole | ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries
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| diastole | ventricles relax and the blood flows in from the atria
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| SA Node | pacemaker of heart locatd in the rt atrial wall near the SVC opening
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| AV Node | located on the rt lower portion of the atrium and receives the SA impulse
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