physics 4&5
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| an xray photon is a quantum of what | electromagnetic energy
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| what is another name for a photon | quantum
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| how is energy related to its frequency | directly
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| what are the 4 properties of a photon | frequency, wavelength, velocity and amplitude
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| what does the symbol C represent | velocity 3x10^8 m/s
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| what is the rate of the rise and fall of a sine wave | frequency
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| what is the range fom crest to valley called in a sine wave | amplitude
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| wht is the number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per second | frequency
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| how is frequency measured | hertz
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| wavelength and frequency are________ proportional | inversely
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| reduction in intensity that results from scattering and absorption | electromagnetic energy attenuation
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| why is the intensity of radiation reduced with distance | because it is spread out over a greater distance
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| photon energy is ______proportional to its frequency | directly
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| what is planck's constant | 4.15x10^-15
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| what is planck's equation | E=HF E-energy, H-planck"constant, F-frequency
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| what is the diagnostic xray range | 30-150 kvp
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| what is the research range | <10kvp
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| matter can be transformed into _____ and energy can be transformed into_____ | energy, matter
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| what is the relativity formula | E=MC^2
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| waht is the highest range of energy | gamma rays
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| what is the lowest range of energy | radiowaves
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| wht type of rays are produced in the nucleus of the atom | gamma rays
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| what type of rays are produced outside of the nucleus | xrays
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| when will photons act with matter most easily | when the matter is close tto the same size of the photon wavelength
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| what is the study of stationary electric charges | electrostatics
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| what is the smallest unit of electrical charges | electron
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| electrification occurs through the movement of what | electron
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| what are the electrostatic laws | unlike charges attract and like repel/ electric is uniform or throughout the surface/ electric charge of a conductor is concentrated along the sharpest curvature of the surface
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| what is coulombs law | the electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
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| what is the study of electric charges in motion | electrodynamics
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| what is the substance in which electrons flow easily | conductor (metals, water, copper being the best
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| what does not allow electrons to flow easily | insulators (glass, clay, and other earthlike materials)
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| what acts as a insulator or conductor depending on the conditions | semiconductor (silicon, germanium
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| waht are the conditions that cause a semiconductor to act as a insulator or conductor | temperature
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| what happens to current when resistance to electric increases | reduces the current
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| what is an electric current | controlled resistance in a conductor, and the conductor is a closed path
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| What is the formula for ohms law | V=IR V=volts or electrical potential I=electrical current or amps and R=electric resistance or ohms
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| what is a series circuit | all circuit elements are connected on a line of the same conductor
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| what is a parallel circuit | elements are connected at the ends rather than lying on a line of a conductor
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| what is a current | flow of electrons through a conductor
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| what is a D/C current | direct current and produced by a baattery and the electrons flow in one direction
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| what is a A/C current | current produced by a generator. electrons flow alternately in opposite direction (basically anything that has to be plugged in)
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| in the US how long does it take a A/C to go through a complete cycle | 1/60 second
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| how is the electrical charge distributed | evenly throughout
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| where do charges concentrate on a electrified object | sharpest curvature
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| volt is the unit of | electric potential
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| voltage is another name for what | electric potential
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| electric power is measured in | watts
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| what is required for common household appliances | 500-1500 watts
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| what does a charged particle in motion create | magnetic field
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| what is magnetism measured in | tesla
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| the lines of a magnetic field are always | closed loops
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| what is accumulation of dipoles | magnetic domain
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| lines of magnetic field that do not start or end | bipolar
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| small magnet created by the electron orbit | dipole
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| natural magnet | earth
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| water and plastic are examples of what type of magnetic material(repelled by either pole) | diamagnetic
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| magnetic material that is strongly attracted when placed in a external magnetic field | ferromagnetic
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| magnetic material that is slightly attracted by external magnetic field | paramagnetic
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| what is a solenoid | coil of wire
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| what changes the intensity of alternating voltage and current | transformer
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| sinusoidal fashion | wavelike
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| three imaging windows | xray imaging, visual imaging, MR imaging
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| what wattage do light bulbs require | 30 to 150
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| what wattage do xray machines require | 20 to 150
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| what is the older SI unit of magnetic field strength | guass
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| the magnitude of the induced current depends on four factors | faradays law
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| four factors of faradays law | the strength of the magnetic field velocity of the magnetic field as it moves past the conductor angle of the conductor to the magnetic field number of turns in conductor
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| an electric current is induced in a circuit if some part of that circuit is in a changing magnetic field | electromagnetic induction
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| what changes the intensity of alternating voltage and current | transformer
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| what has one winding and varies both voltage and current | autotransformer
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| what are variations of amplitude over time | sine waves
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| wave equation | wavelength= velocity/frequency
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| electromagnetic wave equation | velocity=frequency x wavelength
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| structures that absorb xray | radiopaque
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| structures that transmit xray | radiolucent
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| electrification can be created by what | contact, friction, induction
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| resistance decreases as the temperature of material_________ | reduced
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| the property of some material to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature | superconductivity
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| any charged particle in motion creates a | magnetic field
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| what can be made into magnets by induction | ferromagnets
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| electric potential is measured in what | joules per coulomb, or volt
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| current carrying coil of wire wrapped around an iron core, which intensifies the induced magnetic field | electromagnet
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